Design and implementation of dual‐source ( WPT  +  PV ) charger for EV battery charging

Abstract

Summary Adaption of an on‐board solar PV system in electric vehicles (EVs) can cut pollution by reducing the demand from the grid. It eliminates the need of human intervention for charging EVs as well. Similarly, introducing wireless power transfer (WPT) for EVs cuts attendant requirements and charger chord handling. Therefore, charging a EV battery with combined power from the on‐board solar PV system and WPT using a dual‐input DC‐DC converter is introduced in this article. A small signal model of the dual‐input boost (DIB), dual‐input buck (DIBK) and dual‐input buck‐boost (DIBB) converters is derived. Transfer functions for all three converter operations are derived and used to design proportional integral (PI) controllers. The WPT source is considered a variable DC source, and a lead‐acid battery rated 120 V/165 Ah at 55% state of charge (SoC) is used as load in the simulation. Controller design and stability analysis are discussed in detail. The hardware experimentation of a developed combined charging system test bench is performed with resistive load and 10 nos. of lead‐acid battery stack, each rated 12 V/20 Ah. The performance of DIB and DIBB converter modes under continuous conduction is studied with a detailed loss analysis of the WPT system and dual‐input converter (DIC). Also, the proposed integrated system is compared with various integrated DIC topologies.

Performance Investigation of HFR Full-bridge Inverter in Resonant Inductive Coupled Power Transfer System for an Electric Vehicle

“…By applying Kirchhoff's law of Voltage (KVL), then the resonant circuit's differential equations for the second order can be evaluated and the equations for the secondorder equations be given as follows (12)…”

“…Many kinds of research have been neglected to find out the very nearer range and many layouts' structures report to the magnetic materials to enhance and develop the boost energy power transmission for selecting the magnetic flux in a minimum loss path [11], [12]. EV charging is mainly carried out by the method of resonant inductive Power Transfer.…”

The future of Electric Vehicle Batteries

“…According to statistics, Model Y has become the most popular electric vehicle in the US electric vehicle market, with sales of 172,700 units in 2021. Model Y can charge 80% in just 20 minutes [25]. Ford's Mustang Mach-E came in second with 27,140 units, while the Mustand Mach-E needed 30 minutes to charge to 80 percent.…”

“…Ford's Mustang Mach-E came in second with 27,140 units, while the Mustand Mach-E needed 30 minutes to charge to 80 percent. In third place is the Chevrolet Bolt, with 24,828 sold, but it takes 35 minutes to charge to 80 percent [25]. So while these three EVs are the most popular today and feature fast-charging technology, they still do not take as long to charge as gasoline cars.…”