“…Considering physical and operational factors, another group of researchers [ 5 ] engaged AI to assess pipe break rate and [ 6 ] decoding clinical biomarker space of COVID-19. Nowadays, AI is also broadly used in building the smart city [ 7 , 8 ], smart meter [ 9 , 10 ], agriculture [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], education [ 14 , 15 ], healthcare [ 16 , 17 , 18 ] and so on. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows machines to learn without being explicitly taught from prior data or experiences.…”