Design and modeling for hydrogen fuel cell conversion of parcel delivery trucks

Lewis, Michael; Hearn, C.S.; Feng, Xianyong; Hanlin, Jason; Levin, Jaimie; Ambrosio, Joseph; Guggenheim, Peter; Walker, Colin

doi:10.1109/itec.2017.7993350

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The scholars also studied the feasibility of day-to-day operations for every vehicle class. A study conducted by Lewis et al [67] used GPS data to determine the optimal powertrain for given routes and duty cycles. They concluded that a hybrid mechanism comprising a 32 kW HFC, a 49 kWh battery, and a 15 kg hydrogen storage tank should yield an optimal option.…”

Section: Trucksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A completely fueled HD truck, equipped with two storage tanks containing 40-60 kg of hydrogen each at a pressure of 350 bars, generally covers a distance of approximately 500 to 1000 miles before requiring refueling [68]. [67] used GPS data to determine the optimal powertrain for given routes and duty cycles. They concluded that a hybrid mechanism comprising a 32 kW HFC, a 49 kWh battery, and a 15 kg hydrogen storage tank should yield an optimal option.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Solutions of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Transportation Systems: A Review and Prospects

Fakhreddine

Gharbia

Derakhshandeh

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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Conventional transportation systems are facing many challenges related to reducing fuel consumption, noise, and pollutants to satisfy rising environmental and economic criteria. These requirements have prompted many researchers and manufacturers in the transportation sector to look for cleaner, more efficient, and more sustainable alternatives. Powertrains based on fuel cell systems could partially or completely replace their conventional counterparts used in all modes of transport, starting from small ones, such as scooters, to large mechanisms such as commercial airplanes. Since hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) emit only water and heat as byproducts and have higher energy conversion efficiency in comparison with other conventional systems, it has become tempting for many scholars to explore their potential for resolving the environmental and economic concerns associated with the transportation sector. This paper thoroughly reviews the principles and applications of fuel cell systems for the main transportation schemes, including scooters, bicycles, motorcycles, cars, buses, trains, and aerial vehicles. The review showed that fuel cells would soon become the powertrain of choice for most modes of transportation. For commercial long-rage airplanes, however, employing fuel cells will be limited due to the replacement of the axillary power unit (APU) in the foreseeable future. Using fuel cells to propel such large airplanes would necessitate redesigning the airplane structure to accommodate the required hydrogen tanks, which could take a bit more time.

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Section: Trucksmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Solutions of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Transportation Systems: A Review and Prospects

Fakhreddine

Gharbia

Derakhshandeh

et al. 2023

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From the survey, it emerges a good analysis of vehicle routing but a lack of fleet size and mix in literature. EVs' characteristics still present limitations and do not present high flexibility in assigning vehicles to deliveries routes [17]. The main challenges for EVs in urban freight transport are the high purchase cost, the long recharging time, the low capacity and the limited driving range [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sustainable Parcel Delivery (SPD) Problem: Economic and Environmental Considerations for 3PLs

et al. 2020

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Sustainability in parcel delivery is a growing area of interest, especially for third-party logistics providers (3PLs). The recent increase of urban population is directly related to the increase request of goods in urban areas, and consequently to the growth of the urban freight transport and CO2 emissions. For these reasons, national and local institutions carried out regulations and incentives to reduce urban pollution and promote zero-emission vehicles. In particular, daily tickets to access to city centers is a common regulation applied to reduce freight transport. This paper presents a new SPD model that compares Eclectic Vehicles (EVs) and Fossil Fuel Vehicles (FFVs) considering economic savings and CO2 emissions, for parcel delivery from a single distribution center to a set of delivery point located inside and/or outside an urban area. Limitations as the daily ticket, the fuel cost, the battery duration are considered to provide 3PLs an innovative model to evaluate both the economic convenience and the environmental impact of its vehicles fleet. Through an explanatory study, economic considerations are carried out, related to the length of the route, the daily ticket cost, and the fuel cost to evaluate and to assess the different transportation options. It demonstrates that EVs are more convenient in terms of economic savings when the route (urban distances) and the daily ticket cost increase.INDEX TERMS Electric vehicles, mixed fleet routing, economic saving, environmental saving, sustainable parcel delivery.

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“…Basically, electrical energy can be generated in the hydrogen fuel cell by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen through the membrane, in which hydrogen is supplied externally as compressed hydrogen and oxygen is utilized in the atmosphere after being purified. Among the different types, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is widely utilized in independent applications, such as a fuel cell vehicle, due to advantages of a low operating temperature of less than 100 • C, high power density, and fast start-up [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Voltage Drop Compensation Method for Hybrid Fuel Cell Battery System

et al. 2018

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In this paper, a voltage drop compensation method for hybrid hydrogen fuel cell battery system, with a hydrogen recirculation powering a forklift, is studied. During recirculating hydrogen fuel to recycle hydrogen that has not reacted enough at the system, impurities can be mixed with the hydrogen fuel. This leads to low hydrogen concentration and a drop in the output voltage of the fuel cell system. In excessive voltage drop, the fuel cell system can be shutdown. This paper proposes a voltage drop compensation method using an electrical control algorithm to prevent system shutdown by reducing voltage drop. Technically, voltage drop is typically caused by three kinds of factors: (1) The amount of pure hydrogen supply; (2) the temperature of fuel cell stacks; and (3) the current density to catalysts of the fuel cell. The proposed compensation method detects voltage drop caused by those factors, and generates compensation signals for a controller of a DC–DC converter connecting to the output of the fuel cell stack; thus, the voltage drop is reduced by decreasing output current. At the time, insufficient output current to a load is supplied from the batteries. In this paper, voltage drop caused by the abovementioned three factors is analyzed, and the operating principle of the proposed compensation method is specified. To verify this operation and the feasibility of the proposed method, experiments are conducted by applying it to a 10 kW hybrid fuel cell battery system for a forklift.

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Design and modeling for hydrogen fuel cell conversion of parcel delivery trucks

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Challenges and Solutions of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Transportation Systems: A Review and Prospects

Challenges and Solutions of Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Transportation Systems: A Review and Prospects

The Sustainable Parcel Delivery (SPD) Problem: Economic and Environmental Considerations for 3PLs

Improved Voltage Drop Compensation Method for Hybrid Fuel Cell Battery System

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