Design and modeling of an on-site greywater treatment system for a hotel building

Kobeyev, Sultan; Tokbolat, Serik; Nazipov, Farnush; Satyanaga, Alfrendo

doi:10.1108/ijbpa-08-2021-0109

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…There is a high demand for sustainable solutions across various industries, including construction and hospitality sectors. The aim of Kobeyev et al 's (2023) work was to design and model an on-site grey water treatment system for a hotel building for the effective reuse of sewage water. In arid areas and locations increasingly experiencing prolonged drought, clean and recycled water is a precious commodity.…”

Section: Summary: a Summary Of The Contributions To This Special Issu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guest editorial: Building performance and sustainable infrastructure: unsustainable return to practice

Gorse

Booth

Scott

2023

IJBPA

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Unsustainable return to practiceThe abrupt decline in global carbon emissions experienced during the pandemic was not sustainable. Overwhelmingly, this is evidenced by the advanced economies' swift return to close to pre-pandemic levels and, of greater concern, the total global use of fossil fuels has rebounded to their highest level in history (IEA, 2021;Jackson et al., 2022). Unfortunately, post-pandemic, the anthropic life threating activities have resumed.Although the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) galvanised a global response with Net Zero pledges, the United Nations implementation data presents a sobering picture (UN, 2022). The impact data report reveals that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is in grave danger (UN, 2022). Many of the sectors in the major economies remain outdated and carbon intensive, with initial commitments not matched by action (Marteau et al., 2021; UN Environment Programme, 2020). The construction industry in this regard, being responsible for 37% of global emissions, carries a considerable share of the burden (Hamilton et al., 2021). A radical transformation is required to decarbonise the sector and buildings (Murtagh et al., 2023). The UK's Net Zero Strategy -"Build Back Greener" (HM Government, 2021), which sets out the polices and proposals for 2050 decarbonisation seeks to address the transition required from the major economic sectors. However, in a recent High Court legal challenge from environmental groups it was held that the Strategy provided insufficient information on how the carbon budgets would be met (Friends of the Earth Ltd., Client Earth, Good Law Project and Janna Wheatly and Secretary of State for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy, 2022). Although early decarbonation of sections of energy supply show progress, other sectors present a sizeable hurdle. This is especially so in the construction sector, which is not maintaining pace towards Net Zero (Hamilton et al., 2021). The Royal Academy of Engineering notes that much more needs to be done (Mitchell et al., 2021). The Academy calls for better design and specification, major developments in construction and reuse of buildings and materials, as well as significant changes to procurement if the sector is to achieve Net Zero by 2050.The research reported in this special issue of the International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, which focusses on building performance and infrastructure, affirms just how wide and varied the challenge is and how critical research is to the solution.Here, even where research is advancing, there are still knowledge gaps.The contributing academic papers clearly identify transformational challenges both with current practice, existing methodologies and measurement tools. Bruce-Konuah et al. (2023) found that all domestic building occupants in their study of heating behaviour manually override their heating system, undermining the use of the thermostat set point. Agyekum et al. (2023) showed that even when buildings were sustainably certified using ...

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Section: Summary: a Summary Of The Contributions To This Special Issu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guest editorial: Building performance and sustainable infrastructure: unsustainable return to practice

Gorse

Booth

Scott

2023

IJBPA

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Performance of an integrated household greywater treatment system for water optimization and reuse

Hassan,

Alzahrani,

Alotaibi

et al. 2024

Appl Water Sci

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This study evaluated the efficiency of an on-site household greywater treatment system for indirect human reuse and for domestic lawn irrigation. This helps in the reduction in the disparity between water demand and supply that is facing the rapidly increasing global populace. Natural household greywater was settled and then conventionally filtered by using two types of non-woven geotextile media; thermally bonded and needle punched. A third woven cotton textile media was also experimented and all the non-woven geotextile media were tested in single and double layers and combined with the woven cotton textile layer. The different filter media configurations were tested for a period of one year operation (six runs) with two filtration rates of 15.00 and 25.00 m3/m2/day for each run. For all runs, the final treated effluent was disinfected using calcium hypochlorite prior to reuse. The double layer needle punched non-woven geotextile media together with the woven cotton textile media gave the best removal efficiencies; 96.34 ± 1.85% for turbidity 81.87 ± 6.43% for BOD5, 97.49 ± 1.68% for TSS, 75.35 ± 3.99% for CODt, 99.59% for E.coli. The soluble CODs removal efficiencies were negligible (below 3%) in the first four runs with non-woven geotextile media and increased to 28.05 ± 4.29% when the woven cotton textile media was added. In general, the system was found to save about 63% of the daily water consumption reflecting a net 22.50% reduction in the daily water billing costs for the whole household.

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Evaluation of the operational performance of Karbala waste water treatment plant under variable flow using GPS-X model

Khudhair,

Nile,

Al-Baidani

2024

Open Engineering

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As Karbala City is a religious tourism destination, millions of tourists visit the city annually, so there is a high fluctuation of flow in the wastewater between the plants during the year. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Karbala, Iraq, in removing pollutants for different flow rates in five scenarios using the GPS-X model. The most important phase in modeling, which greatly impacts simulation accuracy, is characterizing the influent composition to meet the mass balance. As a result, the influent wastewater was initially described and thoroughly examined. The model has been calibrated, followed by the collected data’s validation. The sensitivity of different stoichiometric and kinetic factors in the GPS-X was examined and screened to calibrate the model. To demonstrate the consistency between the simulated and measured data, the route mean square error was used in this instance. The result showed that the Karbala WWTP complies with Iraqi environmental regulations for water discharged to surface water or water for other uses and has an appropriate efficiency of wastewater treatment even if the flow entering the plant reaches the peak flow rate of 180,000/day. An improvement in orthophosphate removal efficiency was observed as the flow rate increased because of the contact time in the anaerobic basins, which gradually decreased as the flow increased until it reached the appropriate time for PO 4 3 − {\text{PO}}_{4}^{3-} removal. The outcomes of the present study provide an impression to the operators of the treatment plant of the impact of fluctuating flow on the treatment plant. The developed model can also be used for future studies.

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Design and modeling of an on-site greywater treatment system for a hotel building

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Guest editorial: Building performance and sustainable infrastructure: unsustainable return to practice

Guest editorial: Building performance and sustainable infrastructure: unsustainable return to practice

Performance of an integrated household greywater treatment system for water optimization and reuse

Evaluation of the operational performance of Karbala waste water treatment plant under variable flow using GPS-X model

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