“…The L-shaped energy harvester offers several advantages over the traditional cantilever beam piezoelectric energy harvester, including improved stability and rigidity, a simpler configuration, lower resonance frequencies, higher output responses, and easier integration into existing systems [ 10 , 11 ]. Furthermore, the L-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester cleverly utilizes the pivot structure of the L-shaped beam to achieve higher stability and load distribution, thereby enhancing the energy conversion efficiency [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. This design is not only theoretically appealing but also demonstrates potential superiority in practical applications.…”