Design and operation of a 50 kWth Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) unit for solid fuels

Analysis of a Two‐Stage Fuel Reactor System for the Chemical‐Looping Combustion of Lignite and Bituminous Coal

“…To compare the performance of OCs and pilot plants, a series of parameters has been proposed. The first parameter is the carbon capture efficiency, which is described as the total carbonaceous gas molar flow that leaves the fuel reactor (FR) compared to all of the carbon‐containing gases that go into both the fuel and air reactor (AR) and is denoted as η CC . Berguerand and Lyngfelt proposed to evaluate the carbon capture solely from AR off‐gas measurements and flows to overcome measurement uncertainties in the FR .…”

“…The oxygen demand Ω OD is used to express the amount of oxygen needed to convert the remaining combustible gases that leave the FR. Closely related, the FR combustion efficiency η FR was introduced to describe the efficiency of the FR to convert combustible gases . Char conversion X C or fuel conversion η F was proposed to describe the degree of solid fuels converted to gaseous compounds .…”

“…Thec irculating fluidized bed (CFB) for energy purposes is am ature technology and, therefore,i su sed widelyi nt he field of CLC.F or the combustion of solid fuels,L yngfelt et al [8][9][10][11][12][13] have operated two plants for solid fuel combustion of 10 and 100 kW,r espectively,t hat run on ilmenite,M n ores,a nd composites.A d µnez et al [14][15][16] have operated three plants( 0.5, 1.5, and 50 kW) for different solid fuels.T hese plantsw ere mostly run with oxygenc arriers (OC) based on iron and copper oxide,h owever, waste materials from industrial processes were also investigated. The5 0kWp lant allowsc hemical-looping combustion with oxygenu ncoupling (CLOU) operation.…”

“…go into both the fuel anda ir reactor (AR) and is denoted as h CC . [16] Berguerand and Lyngfelt proposed to evaluate the carbon capture solely from AR off-gasm easurements and flows to overcome measurement uncertainties in the FR. [25] Thec arbonc apturei st hen depicted by the oxide-oxygen efficiency h OO andg ives the ratio between the oxygen needed to oxidizet he OC in the AR and the oxygent hat is consumed by the fuel combustioni nt he AR.…”

“…Closely related, the FR combustione fficiency h FR was introduced to describet he efficiency of the FR to convert combustible gases. [16] Char conversion X C or fuel conversion h F was proposed to describe the degree of solid fuels converted to gaseous compounds. [10] These parameters have been derived and adapted for certain plant specifications,fuel choices,and measurement techniques.…”