Design and performance of a high resolution<i>μ</i>-spec: an integrated sub-millimeter spectrometer

Barrentine, Emily M.; Cataldo, Giuseppe; Brown, Ari D.; Ehsan, Negar; Noroozian, Omid; Stevenson, Thomas; U-yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward J.; Moseley, S. H.

doi:10.1117/12.2234462

“…When it comes to small-scale applications, superconductors are being used in biomedicine, metrology, geophysics, digital processing, devices and sensors [115][116][117]. As far as superconducting sensors are concerned, superconductors are already being used in various areas of human knowledge, from physicians, astronomers, to the military [118][119][120]. A widely publicized application of SQUID is magnetoencephalography, a technique that allows for mapping the magnetic fields generated by the brain activities through sensors that work in conjunction with SQUIDs.…”

Section: Superconducting Based Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility, Citizens, Innovation and Technology in Digital and Smart Cities

Oliveira

¹

,

Gabrich

²

,

Ramalhinho

³

et al. 2020

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Cities are constantly transforming and, consequently, attracting efforts from researchers and opportunities to the industry. New transportation systems are being built in order to meet sustainability and efficiency criteria, as well as being adapted to the current possibilities. Moreover, citizens are becoming aware about the power and possibilities provided by the current generation of autonomous devices. In this sense, this paper presents and discusses state-of-the-art transportation technologies and systems, highlighting the advances that the concepts of Internet of Things and Value are providing. Decentralized technologies, such as blockchain, are been extensively investigated by the industry, however, its widespread adoption in cities is still desirable. Aligned with operations research opportunities, this paper identifies different points in which cities’ services could move to. This also study comments about different combinatorial optimization problems that might be useful and important for an efficient evolution of our cities. By considering different perspectives, didactic examples are presented with a main focus on motivating decision makers to balance citizens, investors and industry goals and wishes.

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“…TiEMPO is able to model any direct-detection (imaging-)spectrometer that couples the wideband input power into one or more spectral channels. Examples include integrated filterbank spectrometers that use a filterbank [1][2][3] or an integrated grating, 4,5 and optical grating spectrometers. Currently, TiEMPO takes three spatial pixels to simulate position-switching observations, but the pixel count can be increased to model multi-pixel imaging arrays.…”

Section: Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we have assumed a simple Lorentzian-shaped spectral transmission, which is a good approximation for a filterbank channel, 2 or a detector behind an optical (or substrate-integrated) grating. 5 The frequency dependence was implemented by dividing the frequency range of 210-450 GHz (10 GHz wider on each side than the nominal DESHIMA 2.0 band, to take into account power coupling from outside of the band) into 1500 bins. The resulting efficiency is used to compute the power density with the radiation transfer equation, Eq.…”

Section: Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rapidly growing instantaneous bandwidth [1][2][3][4][5] and field-of-view [6][7][8] of millimeter-submillimeter (mm-submm) astronomical instruments and telescopes are advantageous not only for collecting more astronomical signal, but also for characterizing and removing the foreground emission of the Earth's atmosphere. 9 Even at the best sites for submm astronomy on ground, the brightness temperature of the Earth's atmosphere in the submm range is ≥20 K, which can be ∼10 3 -10 5 times stronger than the astronomical signal (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TiEMPO: Open-source time-dependent end-to-end model for simulating ground-based submillimeter astronomical observations

Huijten

¹

,

Roelvink

²

,

Brackenhoff

³

et al. 2020

Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X

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The next technological breakthrough in millimeter-submillimeter astronomy is 3D imaging spectrometry with wide instantaneous spectral bandwidths and wide fields of view. The total optimization of the focal-plane instrument, the telescope, the observing strategy, and the signal-processing software must enable efficient removal of foreground emission from the Earth's atmosphere, which is time-dependent and highly nonlinear in frequency.Here we present TiEMPO : Time-dependent End-to-end Model for Post-process Optimization of the DESHIMA spectrometer. TiEMPO utilizes a dynamical model of the atmosphere and parametrized models of the astronomical source, the telescope, the instrument, and the detector. The output of TiEMPO is a timestream of sky brightness temperature and detected power, which can be analyzed by standard signal-processing software.We first compare TiEMPO simulations with an on-sky measurement by the wideband DESHIMA spectrometer, and find good agreement in the noise power spectral density and sensitivity. We then use TiEMPO to simulate the detection of the line emission spectrum of a high-redshift galaxy using the DESHIMA 2.0 spectrometer in development. The TiEMPO model is open source. Its modular and parametrized design enables users to adapt it to design and optimize the end-to-end performance of spectroscopic and photometric instruments on existing and future telescopes.

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“…The rapidly growing instantaneous bandwidth [1][2][3][4][5] and field-of-view [6][7][8] of millimeter-submillimeter (mm-submm) astronomical instruments and telescopes are advantageous not only for collecting more astronomical signal, but also for characterizing and removing the foreground emission of the Earth's atmosphere. 9 Even at the best sites for submm astronomy on ground, the brightness temperature of the Earth's atmosphere in the submm range is ≥20 K, which can be ∼10 3 -10 5 times stronger than the astronomical signal (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiEMPO: Open-source time-dependent end-to-end model for simulating ground-based submillimeter astronomical observations

Huijten,

Roelvink,

Brackenhoff

et al. 2021

Preprint

0

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The next technological breakthrough in millimeter-submillimeter astronomy is 3D imaging spectrometry with wide instantaneous spectral bandwidths and wide fields of view. The total optimization of the focal-plane instrument, the telescope, the observing strategy, and the signal-processing software must enable efficient removal of foreground emission from the Earth's atmosphere, which is time-dependent and highly nonlinear in frequency.Here we present TiEMPO : Time-dependent End-to-end Model for Post-process Optimization of the DESHIMA spectrometer. TiEMPO utilizes a dynamical model of the atmosphere and parametrized models of the astronomical source, the telescope, the instrument, and the detector. The output of TiEMPO is a timestream of sky brightness temperature and detected power, which can be analyzed by standard signal-processing software.We first compare TiEMPO simulations with an on-sky measurement by the wideband DESHIMA spectrometer, and find good agreement in the noise power spectral density and sensitivity. We then use TiEMPO to simulate the detection of the line emission spectrum of a high-redshift galaxy using the DESHIMA 2.0 spectrometer in development. The TiEMPO model is open source. Its modular and parametrized design enables users to adapt it to design and optimize the end-to-end performance of spectroscopic and photometric instruments on existing and future telescopes.

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Design and performance of a high resolutionμ-spec: an integrated sub-millimeter spectrometer

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Mobility, Citizens, Innovation and Technology in Digital and Smart Cities

Mobility, Citizens, Innovation and Technology in Digital and Smart Cities

TiEMPO: Open-source time-dependent end-to-end model for simulating ground-based submillimeter astronomical observations

TiEMPO: Open-source time-dependent end-to-end model for simulating ground-based submillimeter astronomical observations

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