Design and performance of a conductance probe for measuring the liquid fraction in two-phase gas-liquid flows

Interrogating the effect of an orifice on the upward two-phase gas–liquid flow behavior

“…Fossa (1998), Abdulkadir et al (2012), Saidj et al (2014) are among other researchers who used this technique successfully.…”

Characterisation of an analogue liquid for hydrodynamic studies of gas-ionic liquid flows

“…The maximum resolution of the image is 800x600 pixels. The measurement technique used to determine the fraction of the cross-section of the column occupied by gas follows the approach developed by, amongst others, Fossa [52] and depends on the difference in electrical conductivity (inverse of resistance) of the gas and the liquid. That of the gas is infinitely low whilst that of the liquid is (or can be made to be) of a more finite value.…”

“…Two of them [48,50] used water, the third [57] employed cyclohexane, a liquid with a surface tension much smaller than water and the fourth [51] used a silicone oil which has a low surface tension and a viscosity of 5 times that of water. These four are all from columns of diameter >100 mm and had distributors which were perforated plates with holes of small diameter, 0.5 mm [49,50,52,57]. The fifth employed water and had a gas distributor with larger holes in a smaller diameter column, 67 mm, and give results in the slug flow regime [58].…”

Experimental investigation of air–water two-phase flow through vertical 90° bend

“…In this technique, the cross-sectional averaged void fraction can be estimated once the relationship between electrical impedance and phase distribution has been established. Tsochatzidis et al [11], Fossa [12], Abdulkadir et al [13] are among other researchers who used this technique successfully.…”