Design and performance of recirculating aquaculture system for marine finfish broodstock development

Ranjan, Ritesh; Megarajan, Sekhar; Xavier, Biji; Raju, S. S.; Ghosh, Shubhadeep; Gopalakrishnan, A

doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2019.03.002

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The average FCR of 2.3 was high compared to milkfish in pond aquaculture (Sumagaysay-Chavoso & San Diego-McGlone 2003). At 1.7 kg m −3 , the initial stocking density was much lower than in intensive aquaculture and more comparable to the maintenance of broodstock (Marte 1988, Ranjan et al 2019). The study had, however, been designed according to semi-intensive aquaculture practices on Zanzibar with conservative stocking densities and low-performance equipment.…”

Section: Performance Of the Ras In Terms Of Biomass Productionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Infrastructure restrictions did not allow testing the filter performance of the sea cucumber and halophyte tanks compared to control treatments. While single systems are sometimes evaluated in aquaculture research to study feasibility (Waller et al 2015, Ranjan et al 2019, Yogev & Gross 2019, running the experiment in triplicate allowed us to also show performance variability.…”

Section: Feasibility To Run the Ras Without Conventional Biofiltersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tropical countries, where the cost of land, energy and labor are lower, it is still in its infancy. However, with increasing scarcity of natural resources and coastal space and its application in broodstock development and larval rearing, its relevance is increasing in the developing tropics as well, and research is needed to meet future needs (Ranjan et al 2019). Also, the implementation of IMTA is still hindered by various infrastructure, legislation and economic hurdles, and widespread adoption can only be achieved through site-specific targeted approaches and upscaling research and development beyond small tank or laboratory experiments (Chopin 2017, Kleitou et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-technology recirculating aquaculture system integrating milkfish Chanos chanos, sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and sea purslane Sesuvium portulacastrum

Sobral

Blanc

Slater

et al. 2020

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Closed recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) in combination with integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) are considered best management practices, but high material costs and difficult maintenance still hinder their implementation, especially in developing countries and the tropics. Few case studies of such systems with tropical species exist. For the first time, an extremely low-budget system was tested combining the halophyte sea purslane Sesuvium portulacastrum and a detritivore, sandfish Holothuria scabra, with finfish milkfish Chanos chanos over 8 wk on Zanzibar, Tanzania. In a 2 m3 RAS, milkfish and sea purslane showed good growth, producing an average (±SD) of 1147 ± 79 g fish and 1261 ± 95 g plant biomass, while sea cucumber growth was variable at 92 ± 68 g. The system operated without filter units and did not discharge any solid or dissolved waste. Water quality remained tolerable and ammonia levels were reliably decreased to <1 mg l-1. A NO2- peak occurred within the first 30 d, indicating good biofilter performance of the different system compartments. Changes in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) species support the notion that the sea cucumber tank was the main site of nitrification, while the hydroponic halophyte tank acted as a net sink of NO3-. A nitrogen budget accounted for 63.7 ± 5.3% of the nitrogen added to the system as fish feed. Increasing the plant to fish biomass ratio to 5:1 would fully treat the DIN load. The experiment provides proof-of-concept of a simple pilot-scale RAS, integrating tropical species at 3 trophic levels.

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Section: Performance Of the Ras In Terms Of Biomass Productionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Feasibility To Run the Ras Without Conventional Biofiltersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-technology recirculating aquaculture system integrating milkfish Chanos chanos, sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and sea purslane Sesuvium portulacastrum

Sobral

Blanc

Slater

et al. 2020

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…The eggs used for the present experiments were obtained from the natural spawning of orange-spotted grouper brooders stocked in Recirculatory Aquaculture System (RAS) at Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (Ranjan et al, 2017(Ranjan et al, , 2019. The eggs collected at the eyed stage were treated with 20 ppm (parts per million) iodine solution for 10 min and were stocked in glass aquarium for segregating fertilized and unfertilized eggs.…”

Section: Fertilized Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced larval survival in orange‐spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ) using optimized feeding regime

Ranjan

Megarajan

Xavier

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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Groupers, with ubiquitous distribution in warm and temperate marine waters, are highly valued for their flesh quality (Ottolenghi et al., 2004) and are intensively exploited in the coastal artisanal fishery resulting in them being over-fished (Morris et al., 2000;Sadovy, 2000). For alleviating the fishing pressure, farming of groupers commenced in the 1980s, driven by their organoleptic qualities, robustness under crowded conditions and rapid growth at elevated temperatures. Among the various grouper species existent in southeast Asia, orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, with high market prices and demand, contributes significantly to the live fish trade. The species is euryhaline and eurythermal, and like other serranids, protogynous hermaphrodites.Triggered by the high market value of orange-spotted grouper and the sporadic supply of juveniles from the wild, broodstock development, induced breeding and seed production were initiated four decades back (Chen et al., 1977). Subsequently, natural spawning (Toledo et al., 1993;Yousif et al., 2016) year-round (Ranjan et al., 2017 was reported, albeit with low larval survival and inconsistent seed production (Rimmer & Glamuzina, 2019;Yousif et al., 2016).Despite the advancement in larviculture techniques for other marine finfish, heavy mortality during orange-spotted grouper larval production is common between three and 9 days after hatching.

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“…A recent EUMOFA (European Market Observatory for Fisheries and Aquaculture Products) publication on RAS has identified financial risk as one of the main risks, primarily due to high capital expenditure and uncertainty regarding future costs [8]. Further actual studies on RAS profitability primarily address topics such as nursery of marine fish seeds [48,49], hatchery of carp or overwintering of carp juveniles [50,51], or the production of ornamental fish [52,53]. Whereas there are many recent economic studies for the African catfish particularly from Africa and Asia [54][55][56], and the importance of input factors like the feed price onto profitability of regular aquaculture systems has been very well described [57][58][59] the driving cost factors for African catfish RAS including the key production factors have not been analysed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Analysis and Improvement Opportunities of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Aquaculture in Northern Germany

Pasch

Palm

2021

Sustainability

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A farmland based African Catfish recirculation aquaculture system with a production volume (PV) of 300 m3 was modelled under realistic market conditions in order to analyse the impact of price fluctuations on profitability. As a monoculture recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for whole fish and the wholesaler’s market, the model northern German catfish aquaculture is currently gainless, but the production is sufficient to cover all costs. The most decisive economic parameter is the low selling price (2.20 EUR/kg whole fish), which affects the returns by ±70,463 EUR/year for every ten percent (0.22 EUR) price change. Among the variable costs, feed has by far the largest impact with a share of 61.4% (42.1% of total costs). Based on the initial model every ten percent price variation of this variable input factor changes the returns by ±29,691 EUR/year, followed by energy (±5913 EUR/year), fingerlings (±4804 EUR/year), wages (±3972 EUR/year) and water (±2464 EUR/year). Larger system sizes (600 m3 PV) significantly save costs due to economies of scale and achieve returns of 175,240 EUR/year and an ROI of 11.45%. Increasing max. stocking density from 450 kg/m3 to 550 kg/m3 improves returns and ROI (40,379 EUR/year; 4.40%), but also involves higher production risks. An own fingerling production with a production of 300% above the own requirements improves returns and ROI (39,871 EUR/year; 3.57%) and leads, above all, to independence from foreign suppliers. Aquaponic integrations can generate profits, but are associated with high investment costs and the challenges of entering a new business sector. Product diversification into fillet (50% of the production) and smoked fillet (30%) generates lucrative returns and ROI (212,198 EUR/year; 20.10%). Profitability is further increased by direct marketing in the form of a farm store and the establishment of a regional “producer organisation”. Our results demonstrate that under current market conditions northern German catfish aquaculture covers all costs, mainly increasing profitability through altered sales prices and feed costs. Retaining a larger part of the fishery value chain within the farm through additional benefits, further processing and product diversification improves profitability, making African catfish RAS a sustainable and economically profitable aquaculture business in Germany.

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Design and performance of recirculating aquaculture system for marine finfish broodstock development

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Low-technology recirculating aquaculture system integrating milkfish Chanos chanos, sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and sea purslane Sesuvium portulacastrum

Low-technology recirculating aquaculture system integrating milkfish Chanos chanos, sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and sea purslane Sesuvium portulacastrum

Enhanced larval survival in orange‐spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ) using optimized feeding regime

Economic Analysis and Improvement Opportunities of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Aquaculture in Northern Germany

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