Design and performance of small-scale reverse osmosis desalination for brackish water powered by photovoltaic units: a review

Abstract

The reverse osmosis (RO) water desalination system powered by the photovoltaic (PV) unit is commonly used to produce drinking water due to their reasonable price. This review focused to display different designs of small-scale PV powered brackish water RO (PV-BWRO) systems that were installed to improve the water productivity at remote areas. The configuration of BWRO units, which determined the operating cost, permeate flow and amount of rejected water, is of great concerns in this work. The specific energy consumption (SEC), total capital cost and water production cost are also analysed to display the feasibility of application of PV unit for small-scale BWRO desalination system. The single-stage configuration was suitable for most of small-scale BWRO systems owning high recovery rates (i.e., higher than 50%). The PV solar system pairing with batteries was not recommended at production capacities below 5 m3 for their high cost and short lifetime. Independently operated PV-BWRO systems required the highest capital cost while produced the lowest operating and overall production costs compared to hybrid systems.

What can farmers do to adapt to climate change in the Mekong River Delta? : Final report of the case study on the Mekong River Delta within the project ‘Deltas under Pressure’

“…Based on these figures, an individual farmer uses at least 100 m 3 of irrigation water daily. Looking at the costs of physical chemical desalination technologies (at least 0.5 €/m 3 for seawater and about half that costs for brackish water on a very large scale and increasing at a lower scale [6]), this means that desalination will cost at least 25 €/day and will be higher at a scale of 100 m 3 /day (Table 4).…”

Fuzzy State-Dependent Riccati Equation (FSDRE) Control of the Reverse Osmosis Desalination System With Photovoltaic Power Supply

“…Using renewable energy such as solar energy can overcome this issue which is available in many places [9]- [12]. Solar energy accounts for up to 57% of the market of the renewable energy-based desalination, which the main is RO desalination system supplied by photovoltaic (PV) energy [11], [13]. A technical-economic feasibility study has been done for a PV-RO system in [14].…”

“…In [15],a state of the art in wind and solar energy-driven RO is presented. Therefore, in this paper, the energy supply of the RO system is regarded as the photovoltaic system [11], [12]. However, this system has some limitations similar to other systems.…”