Design and performance of the HESSI cryostat

Boyle, R; Banks, S.; Cleveland, Paul; Turin, P.

doi:10.1016/s0011-2275(99)00105-8

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Sunpower M77B Stirling cooler ( Fig. 5) running at 65 K. 12 This mission represents the first application of a low-cost commercial cooler to achieve multi-year operation in space. Additionally, the cooler uses a heat intercept strap clamped to the Stirling coldfinger to provide simultaneous cooling to the instrument's higher temperature radiation shields at 155 K. This technique provides the dual-temperature capability of a two-stage cooler with an off-the-shelf single-stage cooler.…”

Section: -Sabermentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of NASA space cryocooler programs

Boyle¹,

Ross²

2002

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Mechanical cryocoolers represent a significant enabling technology for NASA's Earth and Space Science Enterprises. Many of NASA's space instruments require cryogenic refrigeration to improve dynamic range, extend wavelength coverage, or enable the use of advanced detectors to observe a wide range of phenomena-from crop dynamics to stellar birth. Reflecting the relative maturity of the technology at these temperatures, the largest utilization of coolers over the last fifteen years has been for instruments operating at medium to high cryogenic temperatures (55 to 150 ¶K). For the future, important new developments are focusing on the lower temperature range, from 6 to 20 ¶K, in support of studies of the origin of the Universe and the search for planets around distant stars. NASA's development of a 20 ¶K cryocooler for the European Planck spacecraft and a 6 ¶K cryocooler for the MIRI instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are examples of the thrust to provide low-temperature cooling for this class of future missions. COOLERS ON NEAR-TERM EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE MISSIONSSince 1991, which included the launch of the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) with the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS) instrument, NASA's Earth and Space Science Program has launched 18 long-life cryocoolers into space, 12 of which are still operating on multi-year missions. 1 By the late 1990s, 5-year-life space cryocoolers built on the Oxford-cooler compressor concept of the original ISAMS instrument were considered flight proven, and many long-life space cryocoolers were developed using this compressor concept together with both Stirling and pulse tube expanders.Starting in December 1999, three large NASA Earth Observing System platforms (Terra, Aqua and Aura) were launched. Together, they included nine long-life cryocoolers in five separate Earthscience instruments. A final category of cryocoolers are those associated with observing space physics and planetary phenomena. These include gamma-ray and infrared instruments to examine the Universe and the surfaces of other planets. Table 1 summarizes the status of long-life cryocoolers used on NASA space science missions. These, together with other short-term NASA cooler flights over the past 15 years, are detailed in the following paragraphs.

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Section: -Sabermentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of NASA space cryocooler programs

Boyle¹,

Ross²

2002

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…The performance of Stirling cryocooler has been improved in respect of power consumption and cooling capacity, and this innovation results in reducing the mechanical vibration. GRSs in recent missions using Ge detectors with Stirling cryocoolers, HESSI spectrometer and INTEGRAL/SPI [14,15], did not show any microphonic effects and have undergone successful observations. They have the performances partly owing to their rigid structures of the instrument in the cryostat, which have nine and nineteen Ge detectors for HESSI spectrometer and INTEGRAL/SPI, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germanium detector with Stirling cryocooler for lunar gamma-ray spectroscopy

Kobayashi

Hasebe

Hiramoto

et al. 2005

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…1) running at 65 K. 3,4 This mission represents the first application of a low-cost commercial cooler to achieve multi-year operation in space.…”

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confidence: 99%

NASA Space Cryocooler Programs — A 2003 Overview

Ross

Boyle

Kittel

2004

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Mechanical cryocoolers represent a significant enabling technology for NASA's Earth and Space Science missions. An overview is presented of ongoing cryocooler activities within NASA in support of current flight projects, near-term flight instruments, and long-term technology development. NASA programs in Earth and space science observe a wide range of phenomena, from crop dynamics to stellar birth. Many of the instruments require cryogenic refrigeration to improve dynamic range, extend wavelength coverage, and enable the use of advanced detectors. Although, the largest utilization of coolers over the last decade has been for instruments operating at medium to high cryogenic temperatures (55 to 150 K), reflecting the relative maturity of the technology at these temperatures, important new developments are now focusing at the lower temperature range from 4 to 20 K in support of studies of the origin of the universe and the search for planets around distant stars. NASA's development of a 20K cryocooler for the European Planck spacecraft and its new Advanced Cryocooler Technology Development Program (ACTDP) for 6-18 K coolers are examples of the thrust to provide low temperature cooling for this class of missions. COOLERS ON NEAR-TERM EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE MISSIONSIn spring 2002 three new cryocooler systems were launched into space to support NASA missions. Two of the three were based at least partially on the Oxford cooler technology that first flew on the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS) instrument in 1991; this type of cooler has demonstrated multi-year lifetime in orbit, and has been adopted by many long-life instruments to enable new and improved science. The third cooler, the NICMOS cooler, was the first space application of a long-life turbo-Brayton cooler.These recently launched coolers, which are reviewed below, have each now achieved over a year of successful operation in space, adding to the growing number of long-life space coolers enabling the acquisition of important new space-science data. These recent applications build upon the coolers of earlier NASA missions, such as those on the MOPITT, ASTER and Hyperion instruments that have achieved over two years of space operation at this point. 2 Additional coolers, such as the Northrup Grumman (TRW) pulse tube coolers on the TES instrument and the Ball Aerospace Stirling cooler on the HIRDLS instrument, are in the queue for launch aboard NASA missions in early 2004 and are also described below. RHESSI Gamma-Ray SpectrometerLaunched in February 2002, the Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) uses an array of nine large germanium gamma-ray detectors to observe solar flares from 3 keV to 25 GeV. The detector

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Design and performance of the HESSI cryostat

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Overview of NASA space cryocooler programs

Overview of NASA space cryocooler programs

Germanium detector with Stirling cryocooler for lunar gamma-ray spectroscopy

NASA Space Cryocooler Programs — A 2003 Overview

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