Aiming at the actual industrial requirements of high accuracy and high efficiency in the industrial process of pressure gauge calibration, this paper studies the intelligent temperature control of the pressure gauge calibration system. Based on the physical mechanism of the calibration system, the controlled object model is established. According to the characteristics of large time delay and nonlinearity of the calibration industrial process, a neural network PID control method based on ANT-LION optimization algorithm is proposed. The experimental results show that the method is effective and reliable, which improves the speed and stability of the temperature control of the pressure gauge calibration system, and realizes the intelligent control of the temperature of the calibration system.