Design and Simulation of a 3.5 GHz Pyramidal Horn Antenna for IoT and High Speed 5G Wireless Technology Mobile Networks

Abstract

The wireless communication system is an imperative component of Internet of Things (IoT) framework, serving as a bridge for bidirectional connection for data gathering and control message conveyance for effective data application hence, wireless techniques has short range of IoT band and consume a lot of power. This study, design and simulation of a pyramidal horn antenna for IoT and fifth generation (5G) applications operating at 3.5 GHz is presented. The antenna is designed and simulated using MATLAB 2020a produced by MathWorks Inc The gain, bandwidth, and maximum directivity of the single element antenna is 14.1 dB, 460 MHz and 15 dBi respectively. A low simulated return loss (-15.8 dB) is obtained. Hence, the antenna has a very good efficiency. The performance after simulation of this antenna that is combined with a 3.5 GHz radio frequency module and IoT sensors. The distance of the radiating element is 5 cm, and its overall waveguide length 15 cm is obtained at a resonance frequency 3.5 GHz. the simulated antenna has the axial lengths 𝐿 𝐻 = 𝐿 𝐸 = 4 𝑐𝑚 that suitable for short range IoT applications. All mutual-coupling (S21 to S44) characteristics between the elements lie within -27 and -84 dB, which follows the beam steering requirements perfectly. Therefore, 5G and other applications are possible with this antenna.