Design and upgrade of nonredundant and redundant linear sensor networks

Instrumentation in Processes and Automation

“…• Cost (including maintenance cost) • Estimability: a term coined to designate the ability to estimate a variable using hardware or software [20]. The term is a generalization of the concepts of both observability and redundancy (section on Design of Sensor Networks for Process Fault Resolution provides more specific definitions of these terms) • Precision • Reliability and availability of the estimates of the key variables, which are function of the reliability/availability of the measurements • Gross error robustness (see [10]): this encompasses three properties:…”

Redundant Instruments Placement Using ACO

“…Step 6: Get the expected solution if end condition (such as iteration number) is true, else go to 2) In Step 3, the instruments can be added to the measurements structure one by one to compute Δ ijkm Z .…”

New efficient breadth‐first/level traversal tree search method for the design and upgrade of sensor networks

“…We now illustrate the detail of steps in the level by level search for the design Case 3 (MFP3). The list of sensors in ascending order of cost is [5,3,6,1,7,2,8,4,13,17,15,20,24,18,10,22,9,11,21,14,23,16,12,19] Let the set R be defined as follows: R ¼ [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. The depth-first tree search after exploring 500 nodes identifies [R, 14,16,17,18,19,20,22] as current best (containing 20 sensors and the current best cost is 3878, node XQ) at node 406.…”

“…Although very efficient in certain cases, both the equation-based method and the inverted tree search fail to perform well in realistic large-scale nonlinear problems (Nguyen and Bagajewicz 14 ). Although Bagajewicz and Sanchez 15 developed a method to achieve observability and Bagajewicz and Sanchez 16 developed a method for reliable sensor networks, it was the cost-optimal formulation, 5 that prevailed as the main paradigm. Many constraints were added later: reallocation was considered, 17 and the impact of maintenance was also studied.…”