Design and Use of a Batch Reactor for Catalytic Decomposition of Propellants

Eloirdi, R.; Rossignol, Sylvie; Kappenstein, Charles; Duprez, Daniel; Pillet, Nicolas

doi:10.2514/2.6120

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, to efficiently make use of the hydrogen storage properties of hydrous hydrazine, its incomplete and undesired decomposition (3H 2 NNH 2 ? 4NH 3 (g) + N 2 (g)) must be avoided [7,8]. This is because the NH 3 as a by-product could not only complicate the separation process, but also poison the Nafion membrane and the fuel-cell catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of Ni/Al2O3 with Pt: Highly efficient catalysts for H2 generation via selective decomposition of hydrous hydrazine

Huang

Wang

et al. 2013

Journal of Catalysis

136

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of Ni/Al2O3 with Pt: Highly efficient catalysts for H2 generation via selective decomposition of hydrous hydrazine

Huang

Wang

et al. 2013

Journal of Catalysis

136

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“…The experiments were carried out in a TDA-TGA apparatus which gives a good estimation of the decomposition temperature. [4] The procedure was as follows. After placing the sample (15 mg) in an aluminium pan with a cover, the propellant was added with a micropipette (10 µL).…”

Section: Catalytic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dispersion was calculated using the stoichiometric ratio H/Pt ϭ 1. [4] Platinum particle sizes and size distributions were obtained from transmission electron microscopy using a Philips CM 120 microscope with a linear resolution of 3.5 Å . Analyses by EDX enabled us to determine the distribution and quantification of atomic species (Al, Si and Pt).…”

Section: B Characterisationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we have focussed our interest in recent years on the preparation and evaluation of alumina-based catalysts for applications concerning the decomposition of monopropellants. [4] For this specific purpose, it is important to obtain catalytic materials or supports displaying high thermal stability (i.e. at 1200°C or even higher).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerogel and Xerogel Catalysts Based on θ‐Alumina Doped with Silicon for High Temperature Reactions

et al. 2005

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Numerous materials (supports and catalysts) based on alumina have been prepared using the sol-gel process and carbon dioxide supercritical drying. In this work two types of solids, i.e. xerogels and aerogels, were systematically compared and a way of introducing platinum metal with a content of 5% percent by weight was examined. The structural data, the surface area, Pt dispersion and catalytic activity for the decomposition of the propellant were measured for the various samples. The (Al 2 O 3 ) 0.88 (SiO 2 ) 0.12 samples prepared show very interesting porosity values, especially for the aerogel. For this reason, they were chosen as supports for the synthesis of 5 wt% platinum on alumina catalysts. The results presented in this work allowed us to obtain an overall view

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“…Previous studies performed by our group have revealed that platinum supported on thermally stable Si-doped alumina displays a good activity at low temperatures [6,7] The powder or shaped Si-doped alumina (xerogel) are obtained by sol-gel procedure and were demonstrated to be stable at high temperature (1200°C, 5 h); [8] the metallic phase (10 wt.-% Pt) is added by the wet impregnation procedure. These catalysts have been evaluated for the decomposition of HAN/water solutions in a lab-made constant volume batch reactor, [9] and lead to decomposition at very low temperatures, less than 60°C, [10] whereas the thermal decomposition temperature is in the range 115-120°C.[4] Another key point concerns the long-term stability of the catalysts, particularly in the presence of a large amount of propellant.[ In this paper, we present the activity of powdered and shaped (spheres) catalysts for successive HAN/water injections. These successive injections were carried out to simulate the pulse mode of the satellite thrusters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Catalytic Decomposition at Low Temperature of Energetic Ionic Liquid as Hydrazine Substitute

Courthéoux¹,

Amariei²,

Rossignol³

et al. 2005

Eur J Inorg Chem

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Platinum supported on doped alumina catalysts were prepared and evaluated for the decomposition of NH 3 OHNO 3 / water energetic liquid. Powdered and shaped catalysts remain active after 23 injections at 45°C.Energetic liquid compounds known as monopropellants are used for propulsion and gas generator purposes. For example, the orbit and attitude control of satellites is obtained through small thruster engines using the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine, N 2 H 4 , on supported iridium catalysts. The high toxicity of hydrazine induces high costs and its replacement by a less toxic propellant is of current interest. [1,2] The most currently proposed and studied hydrazine substitutes are energetic aqueous ionic liquids and a representative mixture contains hydroxylammonium nitrate (or NH 3 OH + NO 3 -, HAN) as oxidizer, water and a fuel. [3][4][5] Nevertheless, the use of such mixtures involves more drastic conditions than for hydrazine, due to the high temperature reached during the decomposition (up to 1400°C) and the need of frequent restarts that involve a preheating of the catalyst (300-400°C). Therefore, a high catalytic activity at low temperature (20-200°C) associated with a high thermal stability of shape formed catalysts remain critical parameters for the future development of new engines. Previous studies performed by our group have revealed that platinum supported on thermally stable Si-doped alumina displays a good activity at low temperatures [6,7] The powder or shaped Si-doped alumina (xerogel) are obtained by sol-gel procedure and were demonstrated to be stable at high temperature (1200°C, 5 h); [8] the metallic phase (10 wt.-% Pt) is added by the wet impregnation procedure. These catalysts have been evaluated for the decomposition of HAN/water solutions in a lab-made constant volume batch reactor, [9] and lead to decomposition at very low temperatures, less than 60°C, [10] whereas the thermal decomposition temperature is in the range 115-120°C.[4] Another key point concerns the long-term stability of the catalysts, particularly in the presence of a large amount of propellant.[ In this paper, we present the activity of powdered and shaped (spheres) catalysts for successive HAN/water injections. These successive injections were carried out to simulate the pulse mode of the satellite thrusters. The catalysts (160 mg) are preheated at 45°C during 1 h, then 100 μL (150 mg) of a binary 79 wt.-% HAN/water mixture (i.e. 1.23 mmol) was injected manually 23 times, using a syringe, in the constant volume reactor (167 cm 3 ). Each injection is made after the thermal re-equilibration (approximately 4 min); the number of injections is limited by the pressure gauge and by the size of the sample holder.The evolution of pressure and temperature (catalyst and gas phase) as a function of time during the successive injections using the sphere-shaped catalyst are represented in part a of Figure 1. Each peak corresponds to the decomposition following the injection, with an ignition delay of about 0.5 s; the catalysts ...

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Design and Use of a Batch Reactor for Catalytic Decomposition of Propellants

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Surface modification of Ni/Al2O3 with Pt: Highly efficient catalysts for H2 generation via selective decomposition of hydrous hydrazine

Surface modification of Ni/Al2O3 with Pt: Highly efficient catalysts for H2 generation via selective decomposition of hydrous hydrazine

Aerogel and Xerogel Catalysts Based on θ‐Alumina Doped with Silicon for High Temperature Reactions

Facile Catalytic Decomposition at Low Temperature of Energetic Ionic Liquid as Hydrazine Substitute

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