Design-based estimation of mark variograms in forest ecosystem surveys

Design‐based mapping of tree attributes by 3P sampling

“…However, regarding the use of IDW interpolation in this scenario, it should be considered that Tobler law may not hold among trees. Indeed, as pointed out by Marcelli, Corona, and Fattorini (2019), trees of similar sizes rarely are neighboring. In most cases, large mature trees are surrounded by small trees and if some of these are removed owing to man‐made disturbances (e.g., thinnings), then the presence of trees with different sizes at close proximity, usually referred to as small‐scale size diversity, becomes dominant (e.g., Kint, Van Meirvenne, Nachergale, Geudens, & Lust, 2003; Pommerening & Särkkä, 2013; Reed & Burkhart, 1985; Stoyan & Wälder, 2000; Suzuki, Kachi, & Suzuki, 2008).…”

“…We considered a real population of trees settled in a quadrat of side 300 m located within the beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) forest of Monte Cimino in Central Italy (for a description of the forest, see Lamonaca, Corona, & Barbati, 2008). A complete field enumeration was carried out in 2016 to record tree locations and wood volumes (m 3 ) for all the trees with diameter at breast height greater than 7 cm, achieving a first population of trees.…”