“…The numerous benefits of DBL at various levels and contexts of education have been researched widely, they have also shown that students improve their systems thinking, transdisciplinary activities, and collaborative skills (Azizan & Abu Shamsi, 2022, p. 1). 3 The typical characteristic of DBL that appears relevant to the present paper is the underscored significance of critical instructional elements implemented in a successful DBL course (Bekker et al, 2015;Scheltenaar et al, 2015;Azizan & Abu Shamsi, 2022). Elements that are believed to be of major significance are the teacher's role of coach (Gómez Puente et al, 2013;Joshi & Kantola, 2022;Jong et al, 2022), reflection (Tammeleht, 2022), collaboration in teamwork and self-sufficiency (Bekker et al, 2015;Gómez Puente et al, 2013), adjustment to learners' needs and skills, e.g., digital literacy (Scheltenaar et al, 2015;Kern, 2021;Martínez-Álvarez & Bannan, 2013), and the broad instructional design perspective with the support for the dynamic processes of designing and inquiry practices.…”