Design components of porphyrin-based photocatalytic hydrogen evolution systems: A review

Reaction Intermediates in Artificial Photosynthesis with Molecular Catalysts

“…Among the development of clean and renewable energy alternative to fossil fuels, H 2 is one of the most attractive alternatives for sustainable energy systems, produced by splitting water using solar energy. – Enzyme hydrogenase reversibly converts dihydrogen into protons and electrons. – Structural and functional models of [Fe], [FeFe], and [NiFe] hydrogenases and their mimic complexes using earth-abundant metals (e.g., Fe and Ni) have been studied for the electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) with respect to the structure and function of hydrogenases . The detailed catalytic mechanism of HER via metal-hydride intermediates is discussed in both thermal and photocatalytic HERs, providing rational design principles for the development of more efficient, selective, and robust earth-abundant metal catalysts for thermal and photocatalytic HER (vide infra). ,– …”

“…As human society develops, the demand for energy is increasing to develop an energy-sustainable society. The development of a new paradigm to produce solar fuels that would replace fossil fuels is urgently needed to solve the global energy crisis and increasing environmental problems. − Hydrogen as a solar fuel has recently attracted significant attention, providing high energy density as a clean energy carrier, because of its high combustion rate and no CO 2 emission during combustion. − It is highly desired to produce hydrogen by water splitting reaction using solar energy. − The key reaction in water splitting is water oxidation to evolve O 2 , which requires high energy barriers and uphill reaction thermodynamics for the formation of the O–O bond with the transport of 4e – and 4H + . − …”

A Photochemoenzymatic Hunsdiecker‐Borodin‐Type Halodecarboxylation of Ferulic Acid

“…Particularly, modified photocatalysts exhibiting tailored activity and robustness may open up new synthetic possibilities. [22] Nevertheless, we are convinced to have provided a promising starting point for these investigations.…”

The pH Influence on the Water-Splitting Electrocatalytic Activity of Graphite Electrodes Modified with Symmetrically Substituted Metalloporphyrins

“…Through the process of molecular self-assembly, porphyrins in general and metalloporphyrins in particular have the ability to form well-defined aggregates that result from the non-covalent interactions between spontaneously associated molecules [ 30 ]. The self-assembly process can take place in solution or at interfaces, and the aggregates often have different properties from the molecules comprising them [ 47 , 48 ], including properties relevant to the water-splitting domain [ 49 ]. In order to outline the morphology of the structures developed from the self-assembly of the ZnP and CoP molecules, a TEM study was conducted on the specimens obtained by applying the metalloporphyrins on nonpolar carbon films from organic solvents with different polarity.…”

“…In order to compare the OER and HER electrocatalytic activity of the G CoP-DMSO-1 and G ZnP-DMF-1 specimens with other reported electrodes manufactured using Zn- and Co-porphyrins, a literature survey was conducted and presented in Table S1 from the Supplementary Material File that outlined a disproportionate number of studies performed on cobalt metalloporphyrins, as opposed to zinc-metalated ones, which have been more the subject of photocatalytic water-splitting investigations [ 49 , 73 ]. The findings indicate that the η H2 value for G ZnP-DMF-1 is either similar to or smaller than the values reported for electrodes modified only with Zn- and Co-porphyrins, while also being similar to several of the ones published for more complex Co-porphyrin-based catalysts.…”