Design considerations for achieving simultaneously high-strength and highly ductile magnesium alloys

Processing and microstructure–property relations of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) Mg–Zn–Ca alloys

“…An attractive combination of high strength and simultaneous high ductility was recently observed in the Mg-Zn-Ca system. Yield strengths of >230 MPa were achieved by the combined effect of solid-solution hardening, grain-boundary hardening, and precipitation hardening [4][5][6]. These alloys provide increased ductility when dislocation movement on non-basal slip planes is activated [6].…”

“…Yield strengths of >230 MPa were achieved by the combined effect of solid-solution hardening, grain-boundary hardening, and precipitation hardening [4][5][6]. These alloys provide increased ductility when dislocation movement on non-basal slip planes is activated [6]. This is mainly achieved by applying a grain-refinement concept in which very fine and homogenously distributed Mg-Zn-Ca intermetallic particles (IMPs) restrict grain growth [4,7,8].…”

The microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–5.3Zn–0.2Ca–0.5Ce (wt%) alloy

“…The as-extruded Mg-Zn-Ca-Ce alloy contained fine GB precipitates and intragranular precipitates. The GB precipitates was identified to be Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 , and the GB precipitate Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 phase was previously observed in the as-extruded Mg-5.99Zn-1.76Ca-0.35Mn (wt%) [21], Mg-3Zn-0.5Ag-0.25Ca-0.15Mn (wt%) [22] and Mg-5Zn-0.25Ca-0.3Zr (wt%) [23] alloys. The fine GB precipitates could effectively hinder the grain growth during extrusion [22,24], which is beneficial to form the fine grains.…”

Development of high-strength, low-cost wrought Mg–2.5mass% Zn alloy through micro-alloying with Ca and La

“…In Mg alloys, Mg-Al and Mg-Zn alloys are promising candidates for the base alloys to be microalloyed as low-cost, high-strength Mg alloys due to high solubility of Al and Zn in Mg at elevated temperatures and ability of forming coherent and semi-coherent metastable intermetallics at room temperature [7]. In the Mg-Zn system, many trace elements including Ca, Sr, Ag, Zr, Mn, Y and Ce, have been added singly, doubly and even multiply, such as Mg-4Zn-0.1Ca (all compositions are expressed in mass% in this paper unless otherwise specified) [8], Mg-4.9Zn-0.2Ce [9], Mg-1Zn-0.12Sr [10], Mg-5Zn-0.9Y-0.16Zr [11], Mg-2Zn-0.3Zr-0.9Y [12], Mg-6.18Zn-0.16Ca-0.42Ag [13], Mg-4Zn-0.3Ca-0.1Ce [14], Mg-5.25Zn-0.6Ca-0.3Mn [15], Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca-0.8Zr [16], Mg-6.15Zn-0.42Ag-0.16Ca-0.57Zr [17], Mg-3Zn-0.25Ca-0.5Zr-0.15Mn [18], Mg-3Zn-0.5Ag-0.25Ca-0.15Mn [19] and Mg-3Zn-0.5Ag-0.25Ca-0.15Mn-0.5Zr [19,20]. Trace addition of Ca singly to Mg-Zn alloys causes significant grain refinement during solidification, extrusion and rolling [21], and weakens basal texture of the wrought Mg-Zn alloys [22].…”