Design criteria for a power management system for microgrids with renewable sources

A survey on systems integration in the energy automation domain through OPC interface

“…Besides, a KNX OPC server feeds the data of the KNX devices to the LabVIEW application, making them also available for the Matlab algorithm. A power management system (PMS) for microgrids based on RES is described in [38]. To test such system a software simulator is used so the PMS is implemented in a PLC and the simulation runs in a PC.…”

Adaptive load shedding scheme for frequency stability enhancement in microgrids

“…On the other hand, in large disturbances of power system, usually frequency decays are accompanied with voltage decays. Voltage decays at load buses reduce the system loading, so frequency decline is decelerated and actual levels of load shed by under frequency load shedding (UFLS) are reduced relative to the levels required and expected [1,27,28]. In most practical conditions, the load shedding level may be more or less than is needed to maintain frequency in acceptable level that may lead to high costs for grid and their connected loads.…”

“…If not urgently and properly managed, this action could cause an unwanted blackout in the power system, especially a microgrid (MG) operating in islanded mode [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. During normal load variations in a grid connected microgrid, frequency is regulated by the automatic generation control (AGC) system [9][10][11][12].…”

A knowledge discovery in databases approach for industrial microgrid planning

“…EMSs are ready to gather and manage data, not only from the manufacturing process, but also from power supply equipment: power generation machines (from conventional to renewable power sources), distribution substations, power transformers and grids and smart meters (that control and monitor power consumption at the point of delivery). An example of EMS based on microgrid architecture is presented in [89]. Furthermore, an integrated analysis of stored data from different units of the manufacturing process can reveal several opportunities to exploit at different layers in order to improve the global efficiency (such as energy generation, energy distribution, energy consumption, production planning, resources planning and environmental impact planning).…”