“…Deforming rigid material structures such as air-holes, cube-shaped structures, or material pressing are an apparent material porosity methods to control intrinsic permittivity 1 , 7 , 8 . Among GRIN lenses, Fresnel Zone Plates (FZP), due to their planar merit, reduced weight, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness are relatively more attractive structures to achieve high-gain focus in the millimeter and sub-millimeter wave spectrum 5 , 9 – 12 . Nevertheless, there are only a few studies on controlling the permittivities of phase correction zones with plastic porosity and experimental realization of the planar focus lens geometries.…”