Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel tactile sensor with a “fingerprint” design, named due to its spiral shape and dimensions of 3.80 mm × 3.80 mm. The sensor is duplicated in a four-by-four array containing 16 tactile sensors to form a “SkinCell” pad of approximately 45 mm by 29 mm. The SkinCell was fabricated using a custom-built microfabrication platform called the NeXus which contains additive deposition tools and several robotic systems. We used the NeXus’ six-degrees-of-freedom robotic platform with two different inkjet printers to deposit a conductive silver ink sensor electrode as well as the organic piezoresistive polymer PEDOT:PSS-Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) of our tactile sensor. Printing deposition profiles of 100-micron- and 250-micron-thick layers were measured using microscopy. The resulting structure was sintered in an oven and laminated. The lamination consisted of two different sensor sheets placed back-to-back to create a half-Wheatstone-bridge configuration, doubling the sensitivity and accomplishing temperature compensation. The resulting sensor array was then sandwiched between two layers of silicone elastomer that had protrusions and inner cavities to concentrate stresses and strains and increase the detection resolution. Furthermore, the tactile sensor was characterized under static and dynamic force loading. Over 180,000 cycles of indentation were conducted to establish its durability and repeatability. The results demonstrate that the SkinCell has an average spatial resolution of 0.827 mm, an average sensitivity of 0.328 mΩ/Ω/N, expressed as the change in resistance per force in Newtons, an average sensitivity of 1.795 µV/N at a loading pressure of 2.365 PSI, and a dynamic response time constant of 63 ms which make it suitable for both large area skins and fingertip human–robot interaction applications.

On the Development of Inkjet-Printed Band Pass Filters Based on the Microstrip Hairpin Structure

“…This will involve a new Monte Carlo analysis aimed at accurately quantifying their effects and understanding the complex relationship between fabrication processes and device performance. Considering the rapid shift of the electronics towards printed organic technologies for the fabrication of various devices, ranging from transistors to sensors [49,50], the proposed methodology could be employed for a more comprehensive study of manufacturing tolerances and their impact on device performance. This would enable the optimization of the manufacturing process, resulting in devices with enhanced performance and reliability.…”

Recent Advances in Tactile Sensory Systems: Mechanisms, Fabrication, and Applications

“…As an emerging technology, inkjet printing is receiving increasing attention for flexible electronics with superior digital capability, simple operating procedures, and high depositing resolution [ 93 , 94 , 95 ]. In addition, the merits of time efficiency and low cost help inkjet printing as a potential candidate for batch production of flexible electronics, which is beneficial for applications such as robotics, human motion monitoring, etc.…”