Design, fabrication, and measurement of reflective metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave in radio frequency domain

Yu, Shixing; Li, Long; Shi, Guangming; Zhu, Cheng; Zhou, Xiaoxiao; Shi, Yan

doi:10.1063/1.4944789

Cited by 281 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…OAM mode generation is one of the keys to achieving OAM wireless communication. The spiral phase plate (SPP) is widely used to generate OAM microwave/mm waves due to its simple structure, but it can only produce the fixed OAM state . Antenna arrays are also often used to radiate multimode OAM waves by controlling the phase of each antenna element, but the complex feed system is required .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spiral phase plate (SPP) is widely used to generate OAM microwave/mm waves due to its simple structure, but it can only produce the fixed OAM state. [6][7][8] Antenna arrays are also often used to radiate multimode OAM waves by controlling the phase of each antenna element, but the complex feed system is required. [9][10][11][12] Recently, a millimeter-wave antenna with dual OAM modes has been constructed, which can simultaneously generate two oppositely rotated OAM states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing orbital angular momentum modes using single‐fed rectangular patch antenna

Zhu

et al. 2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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Wireless transmission based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) can improve spectrum utilization, but it requires effective OAM mode generation. Using the characteristic mode analysis, it is easy to obtain degenerate mode distributions of the symmetric rectangular patch. The coupling phase difference of 90° between two degenerate modes can be implemented by disrupting the symmetry. In that case, a single feed structure located at the common position of equal mode current amplitudes can excite two degenerate modes to synthesize OAM modes. When the fundamental degenerate modes of the rectangular patch antenna are used, only the field component along the beam direction has the characteristics of the first order OAM. To achieve higher order OAM modes, the patch structure should be further adjusted. By introducing slots in the patch edges and grounding the patch at its center, the single‐fed rectangular patch antenna can radiate the vortex wave carrying the second order OAM. Furthermore, the OAM mode performance such as mode purity can be analyzed by the modal excitation coefficients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing orbital angular momentum modes using single‐fed rectangular patch antenna

Zhu

et al. 2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…Generally, the circular array antennas are widely predicted to generate vortex beams carrying OAM in radio frequency domain. On the other hand, the circular array antennas that can be utilized to form OAM beams of different mode numbers are studied 14 , which create multiple sub-channels of propagation corresponding to the twisting degree of the electromagnetic wave and enable OAM modes multiplexing with good channel isolations 15 . However, a complex feeding system should be implemented in order to obtain a rotating phase fronts radio beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hereafter, some metasurfaces were proposed to generate single, multiple, dual- polarization and dual-mode orbital angular momentum, etc. 15–18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Reconfigurable Single-Arm Spiral Antenna Array for Generation of Broadband Circularly Polarized Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Waves

Zhou

2018

Sci Rep

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In this paper, a mechanically reconfigurable circular array with single-arm spiral antennas (SASAs) is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to generate broadband circularly polarized orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves in radio frequency domain. With the symmetrical and broadband properties of single-arm spiral antennas, the vortex waves with different OAM modes can be mechanically reconfigurable generated in a wide band from 3.4 GHz to 4.7 GHz. The prototype of the circular array is proposed, conducted, and fabricated to validate the theoretical analysis. The simulated and experimental results verify that different OAM modes can be effectively generated by rotating the spiral arms of single-arm spiral antennas with corresponding degrees, which greatly simplify the feeding network. The proposed method paves a reconfigurable way to generate multiple OAM vortex waves with spin angular momentum (SAM) in radio and microwave satellite communication applications.

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“…Recently, several kinds of metasurfaces have been designed and many interesting phenomena have been exploited 11–14 . A metasurface made of “v-shaped” antennas can realize anomalous reflection/refraction of impinging light, which cannot be explained by the classical Snell’s law 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave manipulation with magnetically tunable metasurfaces

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Tunable metasurfaces have emerged as an efficient approach to manipulate the wave propagation. Different from previous work concentrating on electrically tunable mechanisms, here we demonstrate a magnetically tunable metasurface composed of ferrite rods and metallic foils. By tuning the thickness of ferrite rods, metasurfaces with different rod thickness gradients are obtained. The incident wave can propagate through the metasurfaces due to the extraordinary transmission. The deflection angle of the transmission wave is not only influenced by the rod thickness gradient, but also tuned by the applied magnetic field. This approach opens a way for the design of tunable metasurfaces.Manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves (e.g., for phase modulation, light absorption, and imaging applications) has long been restricted by the limited range of EM parameters among natural materials. Electromagnetic metamaterials are composites in which subwavelength features, rather than the natural ones, control the macroscopic electromagnetic properties 1-3 . The unique metamaterial structure makes it possible to achieve considerable electromagnetic response by just using a slab of metamaterial which is much thinner than a wavelength 4 . Metasurface is an ultrathin planar metamaterial comprising artificially designed arrays of subwavelength resonating units, which has attracted significant interests in the optics community 5,6 . The key point for metasurface is to use resonating unit arrays with subwavelength separation and spatially varying geometric parameters (for example, resonating unit shape, size, orientation) to induce a spatially varying optical response, especially the abrupt changes to the phase and amplitude of the incident wave 7-10 . Therefore, they offer much more opportunities for the control of EM waves than traditional materials.Recently, several kinds of metasurfaces have been designed and many interesting phenomena have been exploited [11][12][13][14] . A metasurface made of "v-shaped" antennas can realize anomalous reflection/refraction of impinging light, which cannot be explained by the classical Snell's law 15 . Another metasurface perforated with an array of coaxial annular apertures obtained highly efficient beam steering. In spite of the aboved achievements on metasurfaces, the realization of high performance metasurface-based devices still remains a great challenge due to very limited tuning ranges and modulation depths. Great efforts have been paid in developing tunable metasurfaces 16,17 . Yao et al. demonstrated electrically tunable metasurface absorbers with strong light modulation effect by incorporating a metasurface on graphene into an asymmetric Fabry−Perot resonator 18 . Ee et al. proposed a mechanically reconfigurable metasurface by fabricating Au nanorod arrays on a stretchable polydimethylsiloxane substrate 19 . The anomalous refraction angle induced by such a metasurface can be adjusted from 11.4° to 14.9° by stretching the substrate by 30%. It is well known that, besides the electrically a...

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Design, fabrication, and measurement of reflective metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave in radio frequency domain

Cited by 281 publications

References 14 publications

Implementing orbital angular momentum modes using single‐fed rectangular patch antenna

Implementing orbital angular momentum modes using single‐fed rectangular patch antenna

Mechanically Reconfigurable Single-Arm Spiral Antenna Array for Generation of Broadband Circularly Polarized Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Waves

Wave manipulation with magnetically tunable metasurfaces

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