Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Paper-Based Devices for the Detection of Acetaminophen and Phenacetin in an Advanced Undergraduate Laboratory

Abstract

Reported herein is a multidisciplinary experiment for senior-level undergraduate teaching laboratories in the synthesis of the analytes acetaminophen and phenacetin; the fabrication of paper-based devices, using eyeliner, acrylic spray paint, or wax-printing, for sensing of those analytes; and the use of the newly fabricated devices for successful qualitative and quantitative analyte detection. This experiment includes elements of organic, analytical, and materials chemistry, as well as device engineering, and provides a strong pedagogical experience for the undergraduate student participants. The experiment was tested over two years in the Advanced Organic Laboratory, and 90% of students over the two years successfully completed all experimental objectives. The modular nature of the reported experiments and inexpensive costs of materials and instrumentation significantly enhance the practical applicability of this experiment and the likelihood of widespread adaptation.

Introducing ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy through Analysis of Acetaminophen Drugs: Practical Lessons for Interdisciplinary and Progressive Learning for Undergraduate Students

“…The analysis of pharmaceutical drugs to teach and train students in using IR spectroscopy is not novel, and several examples can be found in the literature. − However, most of them are exclusively focused on the practical training of the ATR-FTIR technique and/or the vibrational chemical interpretation of the IR spectra . However, the curricula of some chemistry or pharmacy university degrees may not include any training on the comparison of spectral libraries or the spectral matching using, for instance, the Pearson coefficient.…”

Design of Decision Support System for Distance Learning Based on Data Mining

“…At the same time, it also has a very important guiding significance to complete the teaching system of various colleges and universities and improve the teaching methods. In addition, the system can also describe the learning situation of different students in school in detail [7,8], which plays an auxiliary role for school decision-makers to make scientific decisions.…”

“…In the above formula, x is the degree, z is the professional title, j is the basic skill, s is the teaching content, f is the teaching method, g is the teaching effect, q is the emotion attitude values, c is the student foundation. (8) The root node of the decision tree is established Through C4.5 algorithm, it is the best classification to select the "student foundation" as the root node of the decision tree. The following takes "student foundation" as the test attribute to build a decision tree for a lesson.…”

Using a Paper-Based Analytical Device Designed for Remote Learning Environments to Achieve Simple Quantitative Colorimetry without Micropipettes

“…Recently, paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have garnered significant attention as chemical education tools and analytical tools. − To date, many educational applications have been described, including in the areas of analytical chemistry, − organic synthesis, , materials chemistry, and electrochemistry. , PADs have many advantages, such as on-site usage, cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, good portability, and user-friendliness . Furthermore, image analysis-based colorimetry combined with smartphone devices allows straightforward detection, which requires no dedicated instruments. − ,− However, these PAD-based experimental systems are intended for use in laboratories because they require special experimental equipment, such as micropipettes.…”

“…Recently, paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have garnered significant attention as chemical education tools and analytical tools. 1−6 To date, many educational applications have been described, including in the areas of analytical chemistry, 7−12 organic synthesis, 13,14 materials chemistry, 14 and electrochemistry. 15,16 PADs have many advantages, such as on-site usage, cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, good portability, and user-friendliness.…”