Design methods of blast resistant façades, windows, and doors in Germany: a review

Woerd, Jan Dirk van der; Wagner, Matthias; Pietzsch, Achim; Andrae, Matthias; Gebbeken, Norbert

doi:10.1007/s40940-022-00213-w

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Аналізуючи роботу Європейських вчених [13], відзначимо, що немає жодного європейського стандарту, який надає весь обсяг інформації про вибухове навантаження на будівлі або несучі конструктивні компоненти від дії вибухових речовин. Норматив EN 1991-1-7:2010-12 містить спеціальні підходи до розгляду внутрішніх вибухів як впливу на несучі конструкції внаслідок вибухів пилу або вибухів природного газу та вибухів у автомобільних і залізничних тунелях.…”

Section: результати дослідженняunclassified

“…Друга група факторів -це стійкість склопакету, що визначається видом та товщиною скла, його міцністю, кількістю скляних листків в пакеті. Для вікна найбільша частина вибухового навантаження припадає на склопакет [13,20]. При дії вибухової хвилі звичайне скло зазвичай розбивається на великі шматки з довгими гострими краями.…”

Section: способи підвищення стійкості вікон при дії вибухової хвиліunclassified

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Identification of Factors That Determine the Safety of Windows Under the Influence of a Blast Wave

Ratushnyak,

Pankevych

2023

ModTechnConstr

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The article is devoted to the definition and identification of the main factors that determine the safety of residential windows with regard to the blast wave. The author analyzes the regulatory framework that defines the requirements for the safety of window structures in the design of residential buildings. It has been determined that the building codes of Ukraine regulate and standardize two aspects of window safety: protection against intrusion by unauthorized persons and protection against people falling out of residential buildings. The issue of window safety in the event of a blast wave is not currently defined in the regulatory framework. The article considers modern approaches and methods of researching the resistance of windows to blast waves, which are currently represented by the works of scientists from Germany, Great Britain, China, and Ukraine. The location and most possible failure modes of a simple window are determined. The paper analyzes the performance of different types of glass under blast wave action and demonstrates the failure mode of laminated tempered glass. Ways to improve the safety of window structures during a blast wave are presented. Based on the analysis, the factors that affect the safety of windows, in particular when exposed to blast waves, are identified. The factors affecting the safety of windows under the influence of blast waves are divided into four groups. The first group of factors is the area of glass areas of the window. The second group of factors is the stability of the glass unit, which is determined by the type and thickness of the glass, its strength, and the number of glass sheets in the package. The third group of factors is determined by the total area of the window and the quality of its fixing. The fourth group of factors is determined by the location of the building and its proximity to important infrastructure facilities and objects of strategic importance. The necessity of developing a methodology for selecting windows with rational glazing parameters and developing an indicator of the protection of the population in residential buildings from secondary explosion factors is determined.

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Section: результати дослідженняunclassified

Section: способи підвищення стійкості вікон при дії вибухової хвиліunclassified

Identification of Factors That Determine the Safety of Windows Under the Influence of a Blast Wave

Ratushnyak,

Pankevych

2023

ModTechnConstr

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“…Besides, relatively little is still recognized about the mechanical performance or ordinary glass under accidental loads, and possible critical scenarios in buildings may be still related to glass components and systems under impact or blast (Pyttel et al, 2011;Larcher et al, 2016;Bedon et al, 2017;van der Woerd et al, 2022), earthquakes (Sucuoǧlu and Vallabhan, 1997;Mattei et al, 2021), or even fire conditions (Bedon, 2017), as well as efficient retrofit and durability assessment for existing systems (Louter et al, 2012;Mariggi o et al, 2020). Disregarding the specific loading and boundary condition of interest, a primary issue is represented by limited tensile strength of glass in cold conditions, which governs most of structural verification steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Bedon

Louter

2023

JSFE

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PurposeGlass material is largely used for load-bearing components in buildings. For this reason, standardized calculation methods can be used in support of safe structural design in common loading and boundary conditions. Differing from earlier literature efforts, the present study elaborates on the load-bearing capacity, failure time and fire endurance of ordinary glass elements under fire exposure and sustained mechanical loads, with evidence of major trends in terms of loading condition and cross-sectional layout. Traditional verification approaches for glass in cold conditions (i.e. stress peak check) and fire endurance of load-bearing members (i.e. deflection and deflection rate limits) are assessed based on parametric numerical simulations.Design/methodology/approachThe mechanical performance of structural glass elements in fire still represents an open challenge for design and vulnerability assessment. Often, special fire-resisting glass solutions are used for limited practical applications only, and ordinary soda-lime silica glass prevails in design applications for load-bearing members. Moreover, conventional recommendations and testing protocols in use for load-bearing members composed of traditional constructional materials are not already addressed for glass members. This paper elaborates on the fire endurance and failure detection methods for structural glass beams that are subjected to standard ISO time–temperature for fire exposure and in-plane bending mechanical loads. Fire endurance assessment methods are discussed with the support of Finite Element (FE) numerical analyses.FindingsBased on extended parametric FE analyses, multiple loading, geometrical and thermo-mechanical configurations are taken into account for the analysis of simple glass elements under in-plane bending setup and fire exposure. The comparative results show that – in most of cases – thermal effects due to fire exposure have major effects on the actual load-bearing capacity of these members. Moreover, the conventional stress peak verification approach needs specific elaborations, compared to traditional calculations carried out in cold conditions.Originality/valueThe presented numerical results confirm that the fire endurance analysis of ordinary structural glass elements is a rather complex issue, due to combination of multiple aspects and influencing parameters. Besides, FE simulations can provide useful support for a local and global analysis of major degradation and damage phenomena, and thus support the definition of simple and realistic verification procedures for fire exposed glass members.

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Behavior of steel liner tray walls under external blast: Experimental testing and numerical simulations

Dinu,

Neagu,

Laszlo

et al. 2024

Engineering Structures

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Design methods of blast resistant façades, windows, and doors in Germany: a review

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Identification of Factors That Determine the Safety of Windows Under the Influence of a Blast Wave

Identification of Factors That Determine the Safety of Windows Under the Influence of a Blast Wave

Thermo-mechanical numerical analyses in support of fire endurance assessment of ordinary soda-lime structural glass elements

Behavior of steel liner tray walls under external blast: Experimental testing and numerical simulations

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