Design of 2 × 8 Filtering Butler Matrix With Arbitrary Power Distribution

Shao, Qiang; Chen, Fu‐Chang

doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3078201

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) with high directivity, simple feeding and beam scanning advantages have been widely explored in the past [1,2]. Compared to active phased array antennas and passive multi-beam scanning antennas [3,4], LWAs can achieve beam scanning without the need for transmit/receive (T/R) components and complex multi-beam feeding networks. Its biggest feature is that by loading different radiation elements of the main transmission line (TL), the beam direction of LWA changes with frequency, and is widely used in front-end systems such as microwave, millimeter wave, terahertz [5,6], and spectral analysis [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky wave antenna loaded complementary elements with dual-stopband suppression

Chen,

Su,

2024

Phys. Scr.

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In this paper, a periodic leaky wave antenna (PLWA) using complementary elements is proposed. The complementary elements of the transverse slot (horizontal magnetic current) and the monopole pairs (vertical electric current) in the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is employed as the radiation element, which can simultaneously suppress closed stopband β0p=π and open stopband (OSB) β-1p=0 to enhance the forward scanning of the LWA. Additionally, the gain and cross-polarization of the element are improved due to the loading of the monopole pairs. The LWA achieves forward and backward scanning from -73° to 10° when operating at the n=-1 spatial harmonic (SH), with corresponding gains of 11.5 to 15.4 dBi. When operating at the n=0 SH, it achieves forward scanning from 58° to 72°, with corresponding gains of 5.2 to 7.5 dBi. Moreovere, due to the element and its symmetrical structure, the cross-polarization within the entire operating frequency range is less than -35 dB. The design concept is validated through processed, fabricated, and tested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky wave antenna loaded complementary elements with dual-stopband suppression

Chen,

Su,

2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…Several different designs have been presented for beamforming feeding netw These designs are based on passive technologies and do not rely on active compon Examples of these designs include the Rotman lens [28,29], Luneburg lens [12,30,31], ler matrix [32,33], and pillbox reflector [34][35][36]. Pillbox reflector-based feeding design steer the beam across a wide bandwidth, but they require multiple feeding ports and vide limited beam coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, the Butler matrices achieve a low profile and wide scanning angle, making them a better option than lens antennas. However, Butler matrices face challenges when it comes to exciting a large number of antenna array elements [33,37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Angle Beam Steering Closed-Form Pillbox Antenna Fed by Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Horn for On-the-Move Satellite Communications

Ikram,

Sultan,

Mobashsher

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Wide-angle mechanical beam steering for on-the-move satellite communications is presented in this paper based on a closed-form pillbox antenna system. It includes three main parts: a fixed-feed part, which is a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) horn with an extended aperture attached to a parabolic reflector; a novel quasi-optical system, which is a single coupling slot alongside and without spacing from the parabolic reflector; and a radiating disc, which is a leaky-wave metallic pattern. To make the antenna compact, pillbox-based feeding is implemented underneath the metallic patterns. The antenna is designed based on a substrate-guided grounded concept using leaky-wave metallic patterns operating at 20 GHz. Beam scanning is achieved using mechanical rotation of the leaky-wave metallic patterns. The proposed antenna has an overall size of 340 × 335 × 2 mm3, a gain of 23.2 dBi, wide beam scanning range of 120°, from −60° to +60° in the azimuthal plane, and a low side lobe level of −17.8 dB at a maximum scan angle of 60°. The proposed antenna terminal is suitable for next-generation ubiquitous connectivity for households and small businesses in remote areas, ships, unmanned aerial vehicles, and disaster management.

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“…At present, there are many ways to implement multibeam antennas, among which one of the most mature technologies is beamforming network. The most famous beamforming network is the Butler matrix, 1 which can be realized using the symmetrical and asymmetric structure, such as 4 × 4, 2,3 8 × 8, 4 16 × 16, 5 2 × 8, 6 4 × 8 7 . The Blass matrix 8 is another kind of beamforming network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of wideband 4 × 4 Nolen matrix using m ultistub loaded phase shifters

Liu

Chen

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

Self Cite

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In this article, a wideband microstrip 4 Â 4 Nolen matrix using novel phase shifters is proposed. Because of the unequal electrical paths connecting one input to every output, Nolen matrices in standard form usually introduce significant phase dispersion and amplitude instability, limiting the effective bandwidth. A novel phase shifter consisting of multiple open-and short-circuited stubs is designed, whose rate of change of phase with frequency can be conveniently adjusted. This phase shifter can be used to balance the rate of change of phase with frequency of the unequal electrical paths to reduce the phase dispersion and amplitude instability, thus realizing wide bandwidth of the output phase differences and output amplitudes. To verify the proposed concept, a wideband 4 Â 4 Nolen matrix operating at 6 GHz is designed and fabricated, showing a bandwidth up to 33% within ±15 phase imbalance and 21.5% within ±1 dB amplitude imbalance.

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Design of 2 × 8 Filtering Butler Matrix With Arbitrary Power Distribution

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Leaky wave antenna loaded complementary elements with dual-stopband suppression

Leaky wave antenna loaded complementary elements with dual-stopband suppression

Wide-Angle Beam Steering Closed-Form Pillbox Antenna Fed by Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Horn for On-the-Move Satellite Communications

Design of wideband 4 × 4 Nolen matrix using m ultistub loaded phase shifters

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