Design of a 2.4 & 5.8 GHz Efficient Circularly Polarized Rectenna for Wireless Power Transfer Applications

Abstract

In this paper, we proposed a novel dual-band circularly polarized rectifier antenna for collecting environmental electromagnetic energy at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. The receiving antenna is a circularly polarized microstrip slot antenna that achieves circular polarization in the low-frequency band (2.4 GHz) and high-frequency band (5.8 GHz) through the use of the “U” slot of the ground and the “L” branch of the upper patch, respectively. The antenna exhibits impedance bandwidths of 320 MHz (2.18–2.50 GHz) and 3.73 GHz (5.33–9.06 GHz) in the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, respectively, while the 3 dB axis specific bandwidths are 260 MHz (2.32–2.58 GHz) and 420 MHz (5.66–6.08 GHz), respectively. The antenna gains are 3.5 dBi and 6.2 dBi at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, a dual-frequency voltage doubling rectifier circuit was designed to operate with the antenna. A dual-branch matching circuit was used to achieve impedance matching between the antenna and the rectifier circuit, and the output was optimized to suppress high-order harmonics through sector branches to improve the rectification efficiency. The simulation results show that the maximum rectification efficiency of the circuit is more than 80%, with a measured efficiency of over 60%. This 2.4–5.8 GHz dual-band circularly polarized rectifier antenna has the potential to self-power low-power devices in the Internet of Things, making it a valuable contribution to the field of wireless energy harvesting.

Performance Enhancement of Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Using Single-Layer Foam Substrate for 5.8 GHz ISM Band Applications

“…GHz, using the "L" branch of the upper patch and the "U" slot of the ground, attains circular polarization at both low (2.4 GHz) and high (5.8 GHz) frequencies with the 3 dB axis speci c bandwidths of 260 MHz (2.32-2.58 GHz) and 420 MHz (5.66-6.08 GHz) for each frequency range, as well as the impedance bandwidths of 320 MHz (2.18-2.50 GHz) and 3.73 GHz (5.33-9.06 GHz) for the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands [34]. In [35], a right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) antenna demonstrated using four cross-coupled rectangular thin slits and three diagonal grooves achieves a 3-dB axial bandwidth of 102 MHz and an antenna radiation e ciency of 94%.…”

“…On the other hand, there is an interesting rise of 58.96% in gain, an impressive 354% improvement in impedance bandwidth, and a notable 27.45% growth in the axial ratio. The antenna in reference [34] has a gain of more than 6 dB, although it has a noticeably low radiation e ciency. The proposed antenna stands out for achieving a balance between circular polarization, gain, and radiation e ciency.…”