Design of a 24 GHz FMCW radar system based on sub‐harmonic generation

Agroudy, Naglaa El; El-Shennawy, Mohammed; Joram, Niko; Ellinger, Frank

doi:10.1049/iet-rsn.2018.5050

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In [2,3], a radar was discussed transmitting a 24 GHz ISM frequency waveform while the received subharmonic signal fell in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The radar was operated in bandwidth 𝐵𝑊, so the received subharmonic response was 𝐵𝑊/10; hence, this radar A frequency tone transmitted by the antenna is denoted as:…”

Section: Subharmonic Radar Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…∆φ(t) is the residual phase noise and can be ignored because the same signal generator is used for RF and LO signals, and a similar frequency multiplier is used in the LO and the tag. In [2,3], a radar was discussed transmitting a 24 GHz ISM frequency waveform while the received subharmonic signal fell in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The radar was operated in bandwidth BW, so the received subharmonic response was BW/10; hence, this radar type limits the range resolution of the radar at the cost of lower path loss and improved phase noise.…”

Section: Subharmonic Radar Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ref. [2] was used to measure a range up to 5 m. The accuracy for the radar was 22.3 cm and precision was 5.8 cm. Ref.…”

Section: Subharmonic Radar Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review: Recent Progress in the Design and Development of Nonlinear Radars

Mishra

2021

Remote Sensing

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This paper presents an extensive review of nonlinear response-based radar systems. Nonlinear radars are generally used for clutter suppression purposes. These radars detect the nonlinear response generated by diodes and transistors are used as a tag for target localization. Utilizing the nonlinearity properties of these devices, these radars have been used for purposes including locating humans trapped in earthquakes and avalanches, identifying migratory patterns of animals, examining the flight pattern of bees, and detecting bugs in electronic devices. This paper covers the utilization of these radars in human vital signs monitoring, detecting targets in a clutter-rich environment, etc. State-of-the-art nonlinear radars’ high-level architectures, design challenges, and limitations are discussed here. Recent works and results obtained by the authors are also summarized.

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Section: Subharmonic Radar Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subharmonic Radar Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review: Recent Progress in the Design and Development of Nonlinear Radars

Mishra

2021

Remote Sensing

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“…With a high demand for the number of radar sensor nodes, in addition to detection and ranging using passive backscatter, it is becoming increasingly necessary to locate, identify and communicate with low profile cooperating targets [6]. The cooperating targets can be another radar sensor node such as in secondary radars [7,8], passive [9] or active backscatter tags [6,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated superregenerative amplifier based 24 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave radar active reflector tags for joint ranging and communication

Thayyil

Figueroa

Joram

et al. 2023

IET Radar Sonar & Navi

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Concepts for two cooperative active reflector tags (ARTs) for joint ranging and communication in a linear frequency modulated continuous wave secondary radar system are presented along with corresponding theoretical derivations. To prove the concepts, the ARTs operating from 24 to 24.5 GHz are implemented using custom integrated superregenerative amplifiers (SRAs) designed in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The SRAs have a measured minimum detected input power greater than −80 dBm, and an output power greater than 3.2 dBm after wire‐bonding. The ARTs also feature roll invariance using bandwidth enhanced microstrip patch antenna diversity and a novel quench frequency shift keying based low data rate simplex communication. Indoor ranging experiments done to prove the concepts and the theoretical considerations show a maximum distance of 77 m in the ranging mode and a data rate of 0.5 symbols per second in the data transfer mode. For distances less than 5 m, the characterised accuracy is better than 12 cm and the precision is better than 2 cm. To the best of authors' knowledge this is one of the first reported scientific works leading to a proof of concept for integrated superregenerative amplifier based joint ranging and quench frequency shift keying. The combination of maximum range and precision are also one of the best reported among similar works in the literature.

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“…The next kind of nonlinear sensor is based on subharmonic response [19]. The tags used for these sensors generate a subharmonic response in addition to the fundamental response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermodulation-Based Nonlinear Smart Health Sensing of Human Vital Signs and Location

et al. 2019

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This paper discusses the use of a nonlinear sensing technology based on radio frequency (RF) intermodulation response to track both the vital signs and location of human subjects. Smart health sensing was realized through the use of a wearable nonlinear tag and an intermodulation-based nonlinear sensor operating in both Doppler and frequency shift keying (FSK) modes. The Doppler mode was used to detect the heartbeat and breathing of the target subject while human subject localization was achieved in the FSK mode. One of the key advantages of this nonlinear smart sensor system was clutter rejection. This system identified the signal reflected from the wearable nonlinear tag and suppressed undesired signals and interferences that were reflected from other objects. The wearable tags used for the experiments were passive, hence they did not require any battery or power supply for their operation. Since the respiration signal is typically stronger than the heartbeat signal, the nonlinear detection setup was designed such that the respiratory signal receives less gain to avoid its sidelobes and harmonics from interfering heartbeat signal detection. This enhanced the heartbeat signal quality so that the cardiac activity could be easily tracked. Four types of experiments were performed on multiple subjects to demonstrate the advantages of this intermodulation-based nonlinear smart health sensing system. Previously, 2 nd order harmonics were utilized for target localization and vital sign monitoring. However, these 2 nd order harmonics suffer from high path loss and licensing issues. In this paper, target localization and smart health sensing were realized using 3 rd order intermodulation with less path loss and no licensing issues compared with its harmonic counterparts. The experiment performed in nonlinear FSK mode was able to detect and locate the source of motion with high accuracy. Similarly, vital signs were recorded in the nonlinear Doppler mode. The design effectively made the amplitude of the heartbeat signal component more prominent, so that the sidelobes and harmonics of respiration do not suppress heartbeat signal.

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Design of a 24 GHz FMCW radar system based on sub‐harmonic generation

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

A Review: Recent Progress in the Design and Development of Nonlinear Radars

A Review: Recent Progress in the Design and Development of Nonlinear Radars

Integrated superregenerative amplifier based 24 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave radar active reflector tags for joint ranging and communication

Intermodulation-Based Nonlinear Smart Health Sensing of Human Vital Signs and Location

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