Design of a bipolar organic small-molecule cathode with mesoporous nanospheres structure for long lifespan and high-rate Li-storage performance

Abstract

We designed a bipolar organic small-molecule cathode ferrocenyl-3-(λ1-azazyl) pyrazinyl [2,3-f] [1,10] phenanthrolino-2-amine (FCPD). This unique molecular design successfully boosts its Li+/anion storage performance.

A covalent organic framework as a dual-active-center cathode for a high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery

“…4e ) and the following equation: where L stands for the Zn ion transfer distance and τ represents the relaxation time. 52 After calculation, the values of D at different states display relatively high and almost constant values (8.91 × 10 −11 to 5.62 × 10 −10 cm 2 s −1 ) in Fig. 4f ; the high D Zn 2+ value is due to the high porosity of TA-PTO-COF which allows internal Zn 2+ diffusion.…”

Design of Linear-Polymer-Coated Graphene Nanosheets with π-Conjugated Structure and Multi-Active-Center for Long-Lifespan and High-Rate Li-Storage Performance

“…12,13 Additionally, the inherent high structural flexibility of organic materials enables precise tuning of their electrochemical performance through molecular engineering. 14,15 Moreover, unlike conventional inorganic electrode materials that undergo ion insertion/extraction during electrochemical processes, 11,16,17 organic electrode materials exhibit a unique mechanism of chemical bond rearrangement, which mitigates significant structural changes even under high-rate conditions. 18 Currently, extensive research has been conducted on organic electrode materials that feature diverse functional groups, such as C�O, 19 C�N, N�N, 20 etc.…”

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a highly promising energy storage technology primarily due to their low self-discharge, high energy density, and long lifespan. − Currently, most conventional and commercial LIBs utilize inorganic electrode materials sourced from nonrenewable resources, − resulting in the depletion of these resources. , Consequently, alternative electrode materials have been explored to meet the increasing energy demands. , Organic electrode materials are composed of lightweight elements, such as C, N, O, S, etc., which have gained attention due to their sustainability, abundant sources, and ease of recycling. , Additionally, the inherent high structural flexibility of organic materials enables precise tuning of their electrochemical performance through molecular engineering. , Moreover, unlike conventional inorganic electrode materials that undergo ion insertion/extraction during electrochemical processes, ,, organic electrode materials exhibit a unique mechanism of chemical bond rearrangement, which mitigates significant structural changes even under high-rate conditions …”

Air-Stable and Low-Cost High-Voltage Hydrated Eutectic Electrolyte for High-Performance Aqueous Aluminum-Ion Rechargeable Battery with Wide-Temperature Range

“…16 Unfortunately, the practical commercialization of this technology is still restricted by several technical obstacles in the aspect of aqueous electrolyte (Figure 1a). 17 Up until now, the majority of research studies on AAIBs are based on organic/inorganic cathode development, 18−20 such as phenazine (PZ), 21 macrocyclic calix [4]quinone (C4Q), 22 and Al 2/3 Li 1/3 Mn 2 O 4 (ALMO) cathodes, 23 which boosts the development of the high-performance AAIBs. However, we have noticed that the interface of the anode−electrolyte is unstable in an aqueous environment, and this issue has rarely been explored.…”

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been at the forefront of the energy storage industry in the recent years. − However, the variety of drawbacks with LIBs limits their large-scale applications, which include high cost arising from the scarcity of lithium resources and safety risk associated with the toxicity and flammability of the organic electrolyte. − Therefore, there is an urgent demand for exploring alternative energy storage technologies. , Among the various aqueous metal-ion batteries, aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs) have considerable potential as large-scale energy storage devices due to the high theoretical gravimetric/volumetric capacity (2980 mA h g –1 /8046 mA h cm –3 ) of Al, along with rich reserves and low cost . In addition, aqueous electrolytes have attracted great attention benefiting from the merits of nonflammability, high safety, and environmental friendliness. , Meanwhile, aqueous electrolytes sharply decrease costs and storage difficulty, which courage their widespread application .…”