“…Based on the patterned ground that is achieved by destroying an integral ground with some patterns, studies show it can also be utilized to design a directional coupler with enhanced performance. 20,21 On the other hand, by folding the coupled line in the coupling region, results indicate the tight-coupled coupler with high directivity can be developed, as studied by Zheng et al 22,23 For a directional coupler with enhanced performance, other techniques include the use of fragment coupling, 24,25 the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), 26 and by combining the branch line with coupled line. 27,28 With the increasing demand for microwave components with stringent requirements, there is the need for the continuous improvement in the design and performance of the basic components.…”