Design of a High-Performance Digital Slit-Lamp Microscope with Five-Switched Zoom

Huang, Yipeng; Chen, Xiaogang; Zhang, Hao; Huang, Shu-Yan; Lin, Feng

doi:10.3390/app10082757

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[ 1 2 3 4 ] Different microscope types present various images of samples for better consideration of them. [ 5 6 7 ] In many studies, specialists want to study different focused parts of the sample in one image to analyze details. [ 5 ] However, it could not be achieved because of the different depth of the samples parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Camera Lucida Method with Colored Images through Integration of Hardware and Software in Microscopic Zooming

Vahabi

Kermani

Vahabi

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Signals &Amp; Sensors

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Automating the camera Lucida method which is a standard way for focusing microscopic images is a very challenging study for many scientists. Hence, actually combining hardware and software to automate microscopic imaging systems is one of the most important issues in the field of medicine as well. This idea reduces scanning time and increases the accuracy of user's results in this field. Closed-loop control system has been designed and implemented in the hardware part to move the stage in predefined limits of 15°. This system produces 50 consecutive images from parasites at the mentioned spatial distances in two directions of the z-axis. Then, by introducing our proposed relational software with combining images, a high-contrast image can be presented. This colored image is focused on many subparts of the sample even with different ruggedness. After implementing the closed-loop controller, stages movement was repeated eight times with an average step displacement of 20 μm which were measured in two directions of the z-axis by a digital micrometer. On average, the movement's error was 1 μm. In software, the edge intensity energy index has been calculated for image quality evaluation. The standard camera Lucida method has been simulated with acceptable results based on experts' opinions and also mean squared error parameters. Mechanical movement in stage has an accuracy of about 95% which will meet the expectations of laboratory user. Although output-focused colored images from our combining software can be replaced by the traditional fully accepted Camera Lucida method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Camera Lucida Method with Colored Images through Integration of Hardware and Software in Microscopic Zooming

Vahabi

Kermani

Vahabi

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Signals &Amp; Sensors

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show abstract

“…But its magnifications are not continuous and the conversion operation introduces sample vibration. One of the solutions for continuous zoom change is to use the mechanical or optical compensation system driven by mechanical movement 5 , 6 . However, such compensation systems are bulky and sample vibration is still an issue due to the mechanical movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large zooming range adaptive microscope employing tunable objective and eyepiece

Kuang

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The conventional microscope has discrete magnification and slow response time in zoom process, which is difficult to capture the dynamic activity of the live specimen. We demonstrate an adaptive microscope employing a tunable objective and a tunable eyepiece with large zooming range. The tunable objective consists of three glass lenses and four electrowetting liquid lenses. The tunable eyepiece consists of an achromatic eyepiece and an electrowetting liquid lens. The focal point between the objective and the eyepiece is designed to be tunable, which are controlled by voltages. Thus, the tuning range is relatively large. We fabricate the adaptive microscope and observe the specimen. In the experiment, the magnification of the microscope changes continuously from ~ 59.1 × to ~ 159.2 × , and the largest numerical aperture is ~ 0.212. The tunable eyepiece can release the back focal length of the tunable objective, which increases the zoom range of the microscope. No mechanical movement is required and the aberrations can be corrected over a wide wavelength range. Thus, the proposed adaptive microscope has a potential application in biological research and clinical medical examination. Microscopes play an important role in scientific research and production, such as physiological applications 1 , biomedical engineering 2 and microfabrication 3. For targets of different sizes, microscopes need different magnifications. Besides, to observe large area of cells and a zoom-in area with high resolution, the higher requirements of real-time observation and continuous zoom change on microscopes emerges 4. The conventional microscopes can change magnifications by manually converting objectives. But its magnifications are not continuous and the conversion operation introduces sample vibration. One of the solutions for continuous zoom change is to use the mechanical or optical compensation system driven by mechanical movement 5,6. However, such compensation systems are bulky and sample vibration is still an issue due to the mechanical movement. Besides the slow zoom speed affects the real-time observation. Fortunately, the liquid lenses have changed the traditional lens systems 7. Due to lightweight, low power consumption and fast response speed, liquid lenses have important applications in imaging 8-10 , display 11 , and communication 12. Moreover, liquid lenses are wildly used in microscopy as focusing component for axial scanning 13-16 , increasing the depth-of-field 17,18 and autofocusing 19,20. However, they cannot achieve continuous zoom change. For example, a five-dimensional microscopy using liquid lens is proposed and able to scan volumes rapidly and reproducibly 21. This microscopy has fast scan speed however it cannot zoom continuously. A adaptive microscope objective using liquid lens is proposed 22. The magnification of the adaptive microscope objective tune from ~ 7.8 × to ~ 13.2 × , but its zoom range is very limited due to fixed back focal length (BFL). Therefore, it is still urgent to study microscopes with larg...

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Design of a High-Performance Digital Slit-Lamp Microscope with Five-Switched Zoom

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Automated Camera Lucida Method with Colored Images through Integration of Hardware and Software in Microscopic Zooming

Automated Camera Lucida Method with Colored Images through Integration of Hardware and Software in Microscopic Zooming

Large zooming range adaptive microscope employing tunable objective and eyepiece

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