Design of a highly-isolated, high-gain, compact 4-port MIMO antenna loaded with CSRR and DGS for millimeter wave 5G communications

Ghosh, Sourav; Baghel, Gaurav Singh; Swati, M. V.

doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154721

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These include Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC < 0.5), Mean Effective Gain (MEG −3 to −12 dB), (DG -Diversity Gain is 10 dB), (CCL -Channel Capacity Loss is 0.4 b/s/Hz), (TARC -Total Active Reflection Coefficient is −10 dB), and Multiplexing Efficiency (0 ECC is Envelope Correlation Coefficient. The References [39][40][41] provide the equations and lowest allowable value for each parameter.…”

Section: Milli-meter Wave Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Aggarwal,

Roy,

Kumar

2024

PIER B

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The increasing volumes of data generated by social networking, cloud computing, e-commerce, and online video broadcasting necessitate the implementation of higher data rates. As the current 4G network encounters congestion and potentially struggles to accommodate the substantial data demand, there is a growing interest in millimeter wave (mmWave) technology. The 30-300 GHz mmWave spectrum is characterized by its broad bandwidth and low latency; it is having many applications in communication domains, also includes 5G cellular. Despite its atmospheric attenuation and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, the majority of nations have begun to implement mmWave 5G in the band of 28/38 GHz as a result of its reduced path loss exponent, minimal signal spread, and decreased atmospheric attenuation. While the patch antenna (single-element) is a compact and easily transportable choice for mmWave applications, its radiation efficiency, gain, and bandwidth are all subpar. Array antennas have effectively addressed these limitations by exhibiting significant enhancements in bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. It is still limited in the maximum data rates it can accommodate. The rate of data can be increased by a factor of one thousand using Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, which is enabled by geographical diversity and multiplexing techniques. As a result, the comprehension of structures of MIMO antennas operating at mmWave is imperative for the continued enhancement of performance. In comparing the efficacy of these designs, bandwidth, isolation, efficiency, gain, and radiation pattern are considered. In this paper, the most recent planar MIMO antenna designs, which are categorized as defected ground structures, Slot/Patch/Stub, MIMO Antenna Array, Dielectric Resonator Antenna, and Meta-Surface/Metamaterial Structures, are described. This paper also addresses the effects that slots, partial ground, and decoupling structures have on levels of isolation, bandwidth, and impedance matching. A comprehensive analysis of the design considerations and subsequent advancements is also provided in this paper.

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Section: Milli-meter Wave Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Aggarwal,

Roy,

Kumar

2024

PIER B

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“…Structures such as SRR (split ring resonator), CSSR (complementary split ring resonator), and unit cells most widely used isolation techniques in the literature. In [ 96 , 97 , 98 ], the authors described an isolation techniques based on the metamaterials and DGS provides significant improvement.…”

Section: Design Challenges For 5g Mimo Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in MIMO Antenna Design for 5G: A Comprehensive Review

Raj

Mishra

Kumar

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has emerged as a highly promising solution for wireless communication, offering an opportunity to overcome the limitations of traffic capacity in high-speed broadband wireless network access. By utilizing multiple antennas at both the transmitting and receiving ends, the MIMO system enhances the efficiency and performance of wireless communication systems. This manuscript specifies a comprehensive review of MIMO antenna design approaches for fifth generation (5G) and beyond. With an introductory glimpse of cellular generation and the frequency spectrum for 5G, profound key enabling technologies for 5G mobile communication are presented. A detailed analysis of MIMO performance parameters in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), and isolation is presented along with the advantages of MIMO technology over conventional SISO systems. MIMO is characterized and the performance is compared based on wideband/ultra-wideband, multiband/reconfigurable, circular polarized wideband/circular polarized ultra-wideband/circular polarized multiband, and reconfigurable categories. The design approaches of MIMO antennas for various 5G bands are discussed. It is subsequently enriched with the detailed studies of wideband (WB)/ultra-wideband (UWB), multiband, and circular polarized MIMO antennas with different design techniques. A good MIMO antenna system should be well decoupled among different ports to enhance its performance, and hence isolation among different ports is a crucial factor in designing high-performance MIMO antennas. A summary of design approaches with improved isolation is presented. The manuscript summarizes the various MIMO antenna design aspects for NR FR-1 (new radio frequency range) and NR FR-2, which will benefit researchers in the field of 5G and forthcoming cellular generations.

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“…A frequency-selective surface is employed for the enhancement of gain [25]. Rectangular patches in [26] is fed through a corporate feed network and rectangular CSRRs(Complementary Split Ring Resonator) on the ground plane for gain enhancement. MIMO antenna with the antenna elements arranged orthogonally with meta elements without connecting the ground plane is discussed in [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate analysis on the wideband, high gain flower-shaped MIMO antenna

2024

Phys. Scr.

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This article presents a single-element,flower-shaped two and four-element MIMO antenna with enhanced bandwidth and gain. The array consists of identical elements on three commonly used textile substrates- cotton, jeans, and felt material. For each of the three substrates, the impedance bandwidth, reflection coefficient and gain are used to assess the effectiveness of the recommended antenna. For the felt-based four-element MIMO antenna the outcomes of measurement and modelling are confirmed. Results reveal that the prototype provides a fractional bandwidth of 133.2 %, spans the UWB range (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) and X-band (8 GHz to 12 GHz), and has a maximum gain of 16.96 dB. To investigate the MIMO performance, MIMO metrics were computed which include Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Mean Effective Gain (MEG), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC).

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Design of a highly-isolated, high-gain, compact 4-port MIMO antenna loaded with CSRR and DGS for millimeter wave 5G communications

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Advances in MIMO Antenna Design for 5G: A Comprehensive Review

Substrate analysis on the wideband, high gain flower-shaped MIMO antenna

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