Design of a MW-scale thermo-chemical energy storage reactor

Angerer, M.; Becker, M.; Härzschel, S.; Kröper, Konstantin; Gleis, S.; Vandersickel, A.; Spliethoff, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2018.07.005

Cited by 75 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The potential of FBs as multiphase chemical reactors is widely recognized in solar-driven solids looping cycles entailing reversible chemical reactions. Hydration/dehydration (Schmidt et al, 2014;Sakellariou et al, 2015;Angerer et al, 2018), calcination/carbonation (André and Abanades, 2017;Tregambi et al, 2019b;Tregambi et al, 2019c;Yan et al, 2020), oxidation/ reduction of metal hydroxides, carbonates and oxides (Block et al, 2014;Haseli et al, 2017;Singh et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2020) are being considered in solar-assisted chemical processing of solids. These reactions require an intimate gas-solid contact and thorough temperature control, hence FB reactors/receivers are natural candidates for their implementation.…”

Section: Solar-driven Looping Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

et al. 2021

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Thermal and thermochemical processes can be efficiently developed and carried out in fluidized beds, due to the unique properties of fluidized suspensions of solid particles and to the inherent flexibility of fluidized bed design and operation. Coupling fluidization with concentrated solar power is a stimulating cross-disciplinary field of investigation, with the related issues and opportunities to explore. In this review article the current and perspective applications of fluidized beds to collection, storage and exploitation of solar radiation are surveyed. Novel and “creative” designs of fluidized bed solar receivers/reactors are reported and critically discussed. The vast field of applications of solar-driven fluidized bed processes, from energy conversion with thermal energy storage, to solids looping for thermochemical energy storage, production of fuels, chemicals and materials, is explored with an eye at past and current developments and an outlook of future perspectives.

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Section: Solar-driven Looping Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

et al. 2021

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“…1,2 Alongside electricity storage, the heat storage system will play an essential role in the transformation of today's power system as it is, in many cases, more efficient and cheaper than electricity storage. 3 Consequently, thermochemical systems coupled to power-to-heat are attracting increased attention due to their better performance than sensible and latent heat storage technologies, particularly regarding the storage time dynamics and energy density. 2 Thus, different heat storage systems based on electrical power into heat conversion technologies and thermochemical materials are found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and electrical performance analysis of induction heating based‐thermochemical reactor for heat storage integration into power systems

Gassi

Lougou

Baysal

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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In this study, the thermal and electrical performance analysis of an induction heating based-thermochemical reactor is investigated for high-temperature heat storage. The induction-heating model is built with Maxwell equations, and the surface-to-surface (S2S) radiation model is used for the induced and diffused thermal energy flow transport in the fluid phase within the reactor inner cavity. The effects of operating and structural parameters in terms of the coil turn number, coil current intensity and frequency, the conductive plate, and the coil's relative permeability, electrical conductivity, and emissivity could affect the heat generation, input power demand, and energy consumption of the proposed reactor performance are sufficiently investigated. It is found that the reactor temperature distribution resulted from the homogenized multi-turn coil magnetomotive force and frequency with the current intensity 48% more effective in reaching the desired temperature at the heat storage medium. However, the conductive plate relative permeability, electrical conductivity, and surface emissivity significantly affect the induction heating system's thermal power, with the relative permeability having the highest impact of 13% in the storage medium's temperature increasing at low current intensity. Moreover, the surface emissivity shows remarkable effects when the inducting heating operates at a high current. Significant energy consumption, more than 159%, is observed when the induction heating generator operates at steady-state mode. The reactor heating region temperature increases when the reactor operating current and frequency get high. It is observed that the more the induced heat was applied to the reactor, the more the reactor is heating up to a steady-state. The instantaneous temperature distribution inside the reactor depicted the rise in the temperature is caused by convection and radiation heat transfer. Higher and more uniform temperature distribution inside the reactor is obtained by optimizing the reactor operating and structural parameters.

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“…Several material groups span a large range from low level to high temperature applications, therein carbonates [5], hydrates [6], oxides [7] and hydroxides. Within those, the group of hydroxides is environmentally friendly [8], cheap [9], and covers a wide range of reaction temperatures. Several applications are envisaged, such as domestic heating [10], enhancement of CHP plants [11] or concentrated solar-power plants [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linder et al [24] presented a reactor with an indirect heating concept on a kW-scale. Additionally, Criado et al [16] and Angerer et al [9] present concepts for fluidized bed reactors. To enhance the understanding of such laboratory experiments, they often come along with modeling [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Heat Storage in a Lab-Scale Indirectly Operated CaO/Ca(OH)2 Reactor—Numerical Modeling and Model Validation through Inverse Parameter Estimation

2021

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Calcium oxide/Calcium hydroxide can be utilized as a reaction system for thermochemical heat storage. It features a high storage capacity, is cheap, and does not involve major environmental concerns. Operationally, different fixed-bed reactor concepts can be distinguished; direct reactor are characterized by gas flow through the reactive bulk material, while in indirect reactors, the heat-carrying gas flow is separated from the bulk material. This study puts a focus on the indirectly operated fixed-bed reactor setup. The fluxes of the reaction fluid and the heat-carrying flow are decoupled in order to overcome limitations due to heat conduction in the reactive bulk material. The fixed bed represents a porous medium where Darcy-type flow conditions can be assumed. Here, a numerical model for such a reactor concept is presented, which has been implemented in the software DuMux. An attempt to calibrate and validate it with experimental results from the literature is discussed in detail. This allows for the identification of a deficient insulation of the experimental setup. Accordingly, heat-loss mechanisms are included in the model. However, it can be shown that heat losses alone are not sufficient to explain the experimental results. It is evident that another effect plays a role here. Using Bayesian inference, this effect is identified as the reaction rate decreasing with progressing conversion of reactive material. The calibrated model reveals that more heat is lost over the reactor surface than transported in the heat transfer channel, which causes a considerable speed-up of the discharge reaction. An observed deceleration of the reaction rate at progressed conversion is attributed to the presence of agglomerates of the bulk material in the fixed bed. This retardation is represented phenomenologically by mofifying the reaction kinetics. After the calibration, the model is validated with a second set of experimental results. To speed up the calculations for the calibration, the numerical model is replaced by a surrogate model based on Polynomial Chaos Expansion and Principal Component Analysis.

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Design of a MW-scale thermo-chemical energy storage reactor

Cited by 75 publications

References 39 publications

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Thermal and electrical performance analysis of induction heating based‐thermochemical reactor for heat storage integration into power systems

Thermochemical Heat Storage in a Lab-Scale Indirectly Operated CaO/Ca(OH)2 Reactor—Numerical Modeling and Model Validation through Inverse Parameter Estimation

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