Design of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Selective for Hydrochlorothiazide Based on Theoretical Predictions Using Gibbs Free Energy

Abstract

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the diuretic drug hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) based on theoretical predictions was developed. Molecular modeling calculations were performed to study the intermolecular interactions in the pre-polymerization mixture and to select a suitable functional monomer and a porogenic solvent for the synthesis of the MIP. To confirm the results of the theoretical predictions, three MIPs were synthesized and evaluated using the equilibrium batch rebinding method. A water-compatible MIP was prepared using HCTZ as the template and acrylamide as the functional monomer (FM) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and tetrahydrofuran as the porogen. An imprinting factor of 8.24 was obtained. The polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and nitrogen sorption porosimetry. In addition to HCTZ, six structurally related compounds were tested to evaluate the selectivity of the HCTZ-MIP, and cross-selectivity of the MIP was verified.

Molecularly imprinted polymers—A closer look at the control polymer used in determining the imprinting effect: A mini review

“…Physical adsorption model for molecularly imprinted polymer synthesized based on noncovalent approach. Reprinted from Reference 44 Copyright (2008), with permission from Elsevier…”

“…demonstrated by Zhongbo and Hu,44 who proposed a model containing three separate types of binding to explain interactions between estrogenic contaminant Estradiol (E2) and MIP. The binding types includes: (a) specific adsorption; (b) semispecific adsorption; and (c) nonspecific adsorption as illustrated in Figure 7.…”

Factors Affecting Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Methods on Finding Template-Monomer Interaction as the Key of Selective Properties of the Materials

“…Many factors can influence the success of making molecularly imprinted polymers. These factors include the properties of monomers, cross-linkers, and solvents [ 17 , 49 , 50 ]. The properties of monomers, cross-linker, and solvents will affect the morphology and size of the polymer formed and template-monomer interactions.…”

Microsphere Polymers in Molecular Imprinting: Current and Future Perspectives

“…Liu et al [ 141 ] explained that less crosslinker will create long, free polymer chains within large pore diameters and low mass transfer resistance due to fewer crosslinking sites. Another result from Barros et al [ 142 ] shows that a large amount of functional monomer typically results in more non-specific interaction sites. Meanwhile, inadequate functional groups produce less complexation in the polymerisation process.…”