Design of a pilot scale directly irradiated, high temperature, and low pressure moving particle cavity chamber for metal oxide reduction

Singh, Abhishek K.; Lapp, Justin; Grobbel, Johannes; Brendelberger, Stefan; Reinhold, Jan Philipp; Olivera, Lamark; Ermanoski, Ivan; Siegel, Nathan P.; McDaniel, Anthony H.; Roeb, Martin; Sattler, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.040

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The efficiency of the system initially increases as receiver pressure increases because of decreasing vacuum pump work up to 60 Pa, and then efficiency decreases as pressure increases because of a drop in hydrogen production rate. This is in line with the operating pressure limits reported by Brendelberger et al [36] The output values of the single-receiver system at optimized receiver pressure and flux density are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Single-receiver Systemsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This limitation was addressed using a cascading pressure reactor where the thermal reduction happens in multiple stages successively at low pressures. [32][33][34][35][36] This enables the DOI: 10.1002/ente.202100220 Solar thermochemical water-splitting cycle models for hydrogen production with single and multiple receivers working between 1773 and 1173 K are developed. The receiver pressures and aperture sizes are optimized for maximum cycle efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Analysis and Optimization of Solar Thermochemical Water‐Splitting Cycle with Single and Multiple Receivers

et al. 2021

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Solar thermochemical water‐splitting cycle models for hydrogen production with single and multiple receivers working between 1773 and 1173 K are developed. The receiver pressures and aperture sizes are optimized for maximum cycle efficiency. The efficiency of the cycle increases with the number of receivers because of the decrease in vacuum pump work. The solar‐to‐fuel efficiency is increased by 14% going from a one receiver system to a four‐receiver system. The performance analyses of the cycles with varying direct normal irradiance (DNI) shows that the advantage of multiple receivers vanishes as DNI decreases because of the constant radiation losses from the receiver apertures. These radiation losses from the aperture can be lowered when a receiver with a variable aperture size is used. The efficiency of a two‐receiver system increases by 48% at DNI 300 W m−2% and 15% at DNI 900 W m−2 using a variable aperture size. The performance of the multireceiver systems with variable aperture size is discussed using a linear regression model. In addition, the option of cogeneration of hydrogen and electricity in a multireceiver system is analyzed. The efficiencies of single‐, two‐, three‐, and four‐receiver systems for cogeneration are 19.6%, 20.0%, 20.57%, and 21.1%, respectively.

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Section: Single-receiver Systemsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis and Optimization of Solar Thermochemical Water‐Splitting Cycle with Single and Multiple Receivers

et al. 2021

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“…Both redox reactions can be performed in the same fixed-bed reactor but at different times in a cyclic sequential mode (Hathaway et al, 2016;Haeussler et al, 2020;Marxer et al, 2017). Alternatively, it could be operated continuously using a particle transport reactor (Ermanoski et al, 2013;Singh et al, 2017;Welte et al,2016). The process is illustrated in Figure 5, where it is important to note that reduction and oxidation are either taking place at different times or in separate reaction chambers.…”

Section: Examples Of the Performance Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Indicators for Benchmarking Solar Thermochemical Fuel Processes and Reactors

2021

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Concentrated solar energy offers a source for renewable high-temperature process heat that can be used to efficiently drive endothermic chemical processes, converting the entire spectrum of solar radiation into chemical energy. In particular, solar-driven thermochemical processes for the production of fuels include reforming of methane and other hydrocarbons, gasification of biomass, coal, and other carbonaceous feedstock, and metal oxide redox cycles for splitting H2O and CO2. A notable issue in the development of these processes and their associated solar reactors is the lack of consistent reporting methods for experimental demonstrations and modelling studies, which complicates the benchmarking of the corresponding technologies. In this work we formulate dimensionless performance indicators based on mass and energy balances of such reacting systems, namely: energy efficiency, conversion extent, selectivity, and yield. Examples are outlined for the generic processes mention above. We then provide guidelines for reporting on such processes and reactors and suggest performance benchmarking on four key criteria: energy efficiency, conversion extent, product selectivity, and performance stability.

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“…In this case, such a constraint is eliminated since the reactive pellets remain fixed inside the reactor, while non-stoichiometric ceria undergoes solid-state redox reactions. Eliminating particle transport between reaction steps is beneficial because the need for continuous particle feeding and collection is bypassed [40]. Avoiding solid flow is advantageous for scaled-up process, while the gas flow rate can be kept at minimum value.…”

Section: Ceria Pellets Characteristics and Expected Benefits For The Solar Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-step thermochemical cycles using fibrous ceria pellets for H2 production and CO2 reduction in packed-bed solar reactors

Abanades

Haeussler

2021

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

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The thermochemical redox activity and performance of commercial-grade fibrous ceria pellets were determined including fuel production rates and yields from H 2 O and CO 2 dissociation. Two solar reactors integrating the ceria pellets undergoing two-step thermochemical cycling (with temperatureswing between alternating redox steps) were experimentally tested. They consisted of packed-bed tubular and cavity-type solar reactors with direct or indirect heating of the reacting materials. The obtained fuel production rates compared favorably with the performance of other previously considered microstructured ceria materials such as templated foams, sintered felts, bioinspired or ordered macroporous morphologies. H 2 production rates reached 2.3 mL.g -1 .min -1 (with H 2 /O 2 ratios approaching 2) in the indirectly-heated tubular reactor after reduction at 1400°C and oxidation upon free cooling below 950°C in steam atmosphere (57% molar content). The highest fuel production rate (~9.5 mL.g -1 .min -1 ) and peak solar-to-fuel energy efficiency (~9.4%) were reached in the directlyirradiated cavity-type reactor (with a reduction step at 1400°C under reduced pressure, and an oxidation step in pure CO 2 below 950°C). The reduction extent was favored at low p O2 ( up to 0.056) and the fuel yields were thus improved notably (up to 315 µmol/g) by decreasing the total pressure below 0.1 bar during the reduction step. The fuel production rate increased when the oxidation temperature decreased (because the reaction was thermodynamically more favorable). An increase in CO 2 partial pressure further promoted the oxidation kinetics (and decreased the p CO /p CO2 ratio, thus shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium toward CO product). The fibrous ceria structures exhibited stable morphologies with high fuel production performance similar to less scalable porous structures, thus offering the potential for versatile applications in packed-bed solar reactors.

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Design of a pilot scale directly irradiated, high temperature, and low pressure moving particle cavity chamber for metal oxide reduction

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Performance Analysis and Optimization of Solar Thermochemical Water‐Splitting Cycle with Single and Multiple Receivers

Performance Analysis and Optimization of Solar Thermochemical Water‐Splitting Cycle with Single and Multiple Receivers

Performance Indicators for Benchmarking Solar Thermochemical Fuel Processes and Reactors

Two-step thermochemical cycles using fibrous ceria pellets for H2 production and CO2 reduction in packed-bed solar reactors

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