Design of a potassiophilic 3D conductive scaffold potassium anode (3D-CTZ@K) with dendrite-free and high energy-power density in potassium metal batteries

Zhang, Dong-Ting; Liu, Mao-Cheng; Li, Min-Peng; Chen, Hao; Li, Chen-Yang; Hu, Yu-Xia; Kong, Ling-Bin; Zhang, Xiang-Yun; Gu, Bing-Ni; Liu, Ming-Jin; Zhao, Kun; Ren, Jun-Qiang; Yuan, Zi-Zhou; Chueh, Yu-Lun

doi:10.1039/d3ta03427e

J. Mater. Chem. A

2023

DOI: 10.1039/d3ta03427e

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Design of a potassiophilic 3D conductive scaffold potassium anode (3D-CTZ@K) with dendrite-free and high energy-power density in potassium metal batteries

Dong-Ting Zhang,

Mao-Cheng Liu,

Min-Peng Li

et al.

Abstract: A 3D-CTZ@K anode was constructed by infusion of molten K metal into a 3D-CTZ scaffold to achieve extraordinary cycle stability with high rate capability. The 3D-CTZ@K//PB full battery exhibits an unprecedented energy and power densities.

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Cited by 5 publications

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High Entropy Induced Local Charge Enhancement Promotes Frank–Van der Merwe Growth for Dendrite‐Free Potassium Metal Batteries

Chang,

Tseng,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Potassium metal batteries (PMBs) are promising for next‐generation energy storage. However, the high reactivity of the anode causes instability in the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), resulting in Volmer‐Weber (V‐W) type deposition. To achieve uniform Frank‐van der Merwe (F‐M) type deposition, high entropy alloy nanoparticles are designed (HEA NPs) with equimolar ratios of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Ni to enhance the substrate‐K metal interface. HEA NPs enhance the K affinity of the N‐doped nanocarbon fiber substrate (N‐PCNF) and maximize ion and electron transport efficiency. The dendrite‐free horizontal growth of K metal confirmed through Operando X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM). Consequently, the asymmetric cell exhibits ultra‐long cycling stability of 2350 hours at a high current density of 8 mA cm−2. The full cell composed of molten K diffusion into HEA NPs decorated N‐PCNF anode with perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode (HEA‐N‐PCNF‐K||PTCDA) delivers an energy density of 331 W h kg−1 and remains stable over 2000 cycles. This study offers a promising pathway for innovative PMBs designs with broad application prospects.

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High Entropy Induced Local Charge Enhancement Promotes Frank–Van der Merwe Growth for Dendrite‐Free Potassium Metal Batteries

Chang,

Tseng,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Alloy‐Boosted Potassiophilic Membrane Interphase for Ultrastable K Metal Anodes

Chen,

Zhang,

Jia

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The advancement of K metal anodes has long been hindered by challenges including dendrite proliferation and volume expansion amid electrochemical cycles. Generic interlayer design for extended anodes and its K uptake/release mechanism remain unexplored to date. Herein, a generic alloy‐boosted strategy is reported to devise a ZnX‐loaded (X = S, Se or Te) porous carbon nanofiber (PCNF) membrane as an efficient 3D interphase layer for K metal anodes. Theoretical computations and experimental investigations suggest that representative ZnTe acts as an alloying site, thereby reducing the nucleation energy barrier and optimizing the deposition pattern of K. Such a maneuver enables dendrite‐free plating of K metal within the interface layer, which facilitates the construction of an extended K anode. As a result, the symmetric cell modified with ZnTe@PCNF demonstrates a lifespan of over 3100 h. When coupled with a cathode, the full cell delivers a capacity retention of 94% after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g⁻¹, showing its potential for the development of practically viable K metal batteries.

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Dual‐Gradient Engineering of Conductive and Hierarchically Potassiophilic Network for Highly Stable Potassium Metal Anode

Zhang,

Liu,

Shi

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Potassium (K) metal anodes are the most competitive candidates for low‐cost and high‐energy density rechargeable batteries. However, uncontrolled K dendrite growth strictly impedes the practical application of K metal anodes. Herein, a potassiophilic and conductive dual‐gradient free‐standing host (named TS‐PKS) composed of the bottom layer with Ti3CN and F doped SnO2 (F‐SnO2) and the top layer with perfluorinated sulfonic acid K (PFSA‐K) and ordered mesoporous silica (SBA15) is constructed to achieve dendrite‐free K deposition. The potassiophilicity and conductivity of the TS‐PKS host increase along with the depth direction to generate a bottom‐up dual‐gradient of K+ affinity and electroconductivity. Such bottom‐up dual‐gradient of K+ affinity and electroconductivity can synergistically manipulate uniform K metal deposition following the bottom‐up manner, preventing the notorious K dendrite growth. As a result, the TS‐PKS@K symmetric cell can stably cycle over 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2. Meanwhile, the TS‐PKS@K//PTCDA full battery also exhibits an initial specific capacity of 118.3 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 500 mA g−1 and maintains up to 81.1 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. This novel dual‐gradient strategy design offers a straightforward approach to effectively manipulate K metal deposition manner for achieving dendrite‐free K metal anodes.

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Design of a potassiophilic 3D conductive scaffold potassium anode (3D-CTZ@K) with dendrite-free and high energy-power density in potassium metal batteries

Abstract: A 3D-CTZ@K anode was constructed by infusion of molten K metal into a 3D-CTZ scaffold to achieve extraordinary cycle stability with high rate capability. The 3D-CTZ@K//PB full battery exhibits an unprecedented energy and power densities.

Cited by 5 publications

References 71 publications

High Entropy Induced Local Charge Enhancement Promotes Frank–Van der Merwe Growth for Dendrite‐Free Potassium Metal Batteries

High Entropy Induced Local Charge Enhancement Promotes Frank–Van der Merwe Growth for Dendrite‐Free Potassium Metal Batteries

Alloy‐Boosted Potassiophilic Membrane Interphase for Ultrastable K Metal Anodes

Dual‐Gradient Engineering of Conductive and Hierarchically Potassiophilic Network for Highly Stable Potassium Metal Anode

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