In this paper we review essential aspects involved in the design of an active vibration control system. We present a generic procedure to the design process and give selective examples from the literature on relevant material. Together with examples of their applications, various topics are briefly introduced, such as structure modeling, model reduction, feedback control, feedforward control, controllability and observability, spillover, eigenstructure assignment (pole placement), coordinate coupling control, robust control, optimal control, state observers (estimators), intelligent structure and controller, adaptive control, active control effects on the system, time delay, actuator-structure interaction, and optimal placement of actuators.