Design of a salt-tolerant Gemini viscoelastic surfactant and the study of construction of wormlike micelle structure in high-salinity aqueous environment

Zhang, Wenlong; Mao, Jincheng; Jia, Zhenfu; Yang, Xiaojiang; Zhang, Peng; Su, Xiaodong; Zhou, Chengyu; Bao, Dan; Zeng, Wenbi

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127653

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Novel salt-tolerant surfactants were designed and synthesized for high salinity environments, including a zwitterionic Gemini surfactant characterized by the carboxylic group on the spacer and exhibiting partial carboxyl betaine properties. 156 The partial carboxyl betaine structure has the capability of protecting the hydration layer from the invasion of ions, and therefore the cloud point of the surfactant in brine increases. Another anionic−nonionic Gemini surfactant name ANG was synthesized and compared to traditional surfactants SDBS and TX-100.…”

Section: Loss Of Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in practice, the high salinity water could not be directly diluted, and this puts forward high requirements for the salt resistance of the surfactant. Novel salt-tolerant surfactants were designed and synthesized for high salinity environments, including a zwitterionic Gemini surfactant characterized by the carboxylic group on the spacer and exhibiting partial carboxyl betaine properties . The partial carboxyl betaine structure has the capability of protecting the hydration layer from the invasion of ions, and therefore the cloud point of the surfactant in brine increases.…”

Section: Problem Associated With Chemical Eormentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Screening, Application, and Perspectives of Surfactant-Based Chemical-Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods in Unconventional Oil Reservoirs

et al. 2023

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Surfactant-based chemical-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods have been recognized to be effective in both conventional and unconventional oil reservoirs. However, the nanopore size and low permeability characteristics of unconventional reservoirs hinder the wide application of the chemical EOR methods and have greater requirements for chemical agents. Thorough understanding of the rock−fluid−chemical interactions is the key to production improvement and economy development of unconventional formations. This paper is a systematic review of the literature focused on the performance evaluation and application potential of chemical EOR methods. To address the technical requirement, crucial features of the tight and shale formations and properties of the typically used chemicals are introduced. Many studies in recent decades have revealed that surfactant-based formulations have the capability to increase oil recovery through reducing interfacial tension, altering surface wettability, enhancing aqueous penetration, improving oil mobility, and then promoting spontaneous imbibition. The probable mechanisms of chemical EOR are summarized to demonstrate their potential and to guide the formulation development for reservoirs. Laboratory experiments of chemical screenings are presented to discuss the selection criteria of the appropriate formulation for respective EOR projects. Traditional measurements and novel experimental methods provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemicals corresponding to their application conditions. The outcome of recent pilot field tests in major formations is summarized to show the application feasibility and improvement schemes of chemical EOR. Problems currently existing and possible solutions are discussed to point out future research directions of the related field. Summarizing and analyzing of the problems, challenges, and future respects could help guide the design of chemical EOR projects. This review provides a more comprehensive understanding of the chemical performance in unconventional reservoirs and addresses the significance of appropriate screening methods and sufficient field knowledge for the success of chemical EOR operations.

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Section: Loss Of Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problem Associated With Chemical Eormentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Screening, Application, and Perspectives of Surfactant-Based Chemical-Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods in Unconventional Oil Reservoirs

et al. 2023

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“…Even at 16% NaCl, the solution viscosity remained at 33 MPa s. To determine the optimal salinity range to maintain the micellar network, some scholars have proposed the concept of a "salinity window". 25 The VES solution can be suspended upside down at the bottom of the bottle in this salinity range. As shown in Figure 8, the NT-1 solutions can be suspended at the bottom of the vial after inverting within the salinity range from 4 to 14 wt%.…”

Section: Effect Of the Salt Concentration On The Apparent Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,14 In this study, based on molecular self-assembly theory, a long-chain erucic acid amide was selected as the main body of a hydrophobic chain and hydroxyl, carboxyl and benzene rings were introduced into a linker to synthesize a novel Gemini VES as a viscosity enhancer for solids-free drilling fluids. [24][25][26][27] The long hydrophobic chain promotes the aggregation of surfactant molecules, the carboxyl group and hydroxyl groups can enhance the surfactant hydrophilicity, and the benzene ring can increase the temperature-and salt-resistance of the drilling fluid to which the surfactant is added. 23,28 The structure of the surfactant was characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FT-IR and ESI-MS, and its physicochemical properties were determined by surface tensiometer, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), dynamic lighting scattering (DLS) and rheometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a salt‐responsive Gemini viscoelastic surfactant for application to solids‐free drilling fluids

Deng

Sun

Ren

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In order to solve the problem of poor rheological properties of solid‐free drilling fluids in salt‐bearing formations and prevent drilling accidents such as lost circulation, formation collapse, and wellbore instability, it is crucial to develop a new type of viscosifier. In this study, a salt‐responsive Gemini viscoelastic surfactant (NT‐1) was synthesized by using erucamide as a hydrophobic chain and introducing a benzene ring and a carboxyl group into the linker. In addition, it is used as a viscosifier for solid‐free drilling fluids. The structure of the surfactant was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and its physicochemical properties were determined by surface tensiometer, thermogravimetric‐differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic lighting scattering and rheometer. Its performance in solid‐free drilling fluids was evaluated according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard. The results show that the surfactant has a low critical micelle concentration (31.74 μmol/L), excellent thermal stability and water solubility. In particular, NT‐1 can self‐assemble into worm‐like micelles under the action of salt, and the spatial network structure formed by the interweaving of these micelles can endow the drilling fluid with good rheology and viscoelasticity. NT‐1 is compatible with conventional drilling fluid polymer additives, which can effectively improve solid‐free drilling fluids' rheological properties and fluid loss properties in salt layers. The temperature resistance in drilling fluid systems can reach 120°C. This work verifies the feasibility of using viscoelastic surfactants as viscosifiers in solid‐free drilling fluids and provides new ideas for developing salt‐responsive smart drilling fluids.

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Study of the electroosmotic flow of a structured fluid with a new generalized rheological model

Herrera-Valencia,

Sánchez-Villavicencio,

Soriano-Correa

et al. 2023

Rheol Acta

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The electroosmotic flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a capillary system was investigated analytically. The rheology of the fluid was characterized by a novel generalized exponential model equation. The charge density obeys the Boltzmann distribution, which governs the electrical double-layer field and body force generated by the applied electrical field. Mathematically, this scenario can be modeled by the Poisson-Boltzmann partial differential equation, by assuming that the zeta potential is small, i.e., less than 25 mV (Debye-Hückel approximation). Considering a pulsating electric field, the shear viscosity and the alteration in the volumetric flow were presented as a function of the material parameters through the characteristic dimensionless numbers by using an exponential-type generalized rheological model. Thixotropy, shear thinning, yield stress mechanisms, and weight concentration were analyzed through numerical results. Finally, the flow properties and rheology were predicted using experimental data reported elsewhere for worm-like micellar solution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium tosilate (CTAT). The rheological equation of state proposed in this study describes the alterations in the structure resulting from applied forces (tangential and normal). These forces induced a structural evolution (kinetic model) due to the relaxation processes caused by shear strain. It is important to mention that in electroosmotic flows, complex behavior such as (i) thixotropy, (ii) rheopexy, and (iii) shear banding flow is scarcely explained in terms of the change in the structure of the fluid under flow. Graphical Abstract

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Design of a salt-tolerant Gemini viscoelastic surfactant and the study of construction of wormlike micelle structure in high-salinity aqueous environment

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Screening, Application, and Perspectives of Surfactant-Based Chemical-Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods in Unconventional Oil Reservoirs

A Comprehensive Review on Screening, Application, and Perspectives of Surfactant-Based Chemical-Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods in Unconventional Oil Reservoirs

Preparation of a salt‐responsive Gemini viscoelastic surfactant for application to solids‐free drilling fluids

Study of the electroosmotic flow of a structured fluid with a new generalized rheological model

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