Design of a system for controlling a levitating sphere in superfluid 3He at extremely low temperatures

Arrayás, Manuel; Trueba, José L.; Uriarte, Carlos; Zmeev, D. E.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99316-7

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our results imply that devising suitable nanoprobes that fit within the two-dimensional superfluid should tap into long-range quasiparticle transport that can be studied in varying topological configurations, such as across different bulk superfluid phases and interfaces, via controlled confinement provided by engineered nanostructures 33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] , or across the free surface [42][43][44][45][46][47] . It may also be possible to access these phenomena by engineering the topology of the mechanical probes 48,49 . Finally, the surface layer is also expected to host Majorana zero modes 7,[50][51][52][53] that detailed transport measurements may reveal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of bound quasiparticle states in a two-dimensional boundary superfluid

Autti,

Haley,

Jennings

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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The B phase of superfluid 3He can be cooled into the pure superfluid regime, where the thermal quasiparticle density is negligible. The bulk superfluid is surrounded by a quantum well at the boundaries of the container, confining a sea of quasiparticles with energies below that of those in the bulk. We can create a non-equilibrium distribution of these states within the quantum well and observe the dynamics of their motion indirectly. Here we show that the induced quasiparticle currents flow diffusively in the two-dimensional system. Combining this with a direct measurement of energy conservation, we conclude that the bulk superfluid 3He is effectively surrounded by an independent two-dimensional superfluid, which is isolated from the bulk superfluid but which readily interacts with mechanical probes. Our work shows that this two-dimensional quantum condensate and the dynamics of the surface bound states are experimentally accessible, opening the possibility of engineering two-dimensional quantum condensates of arbitrary topology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of bound quasiparticle states in a two-dimensional boundary superfluid

Autti,

Haley,

Jennings

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

Self Cite

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“…Although there is a large body of the literature on oscillating structures in superfluid 3 He, like vibrating wires, tuning forks or grids, but so far there are no experiments with a floating sphere that could be compared in detail with our work on 4 He . However, very recently, a fascinating attempt has been suggested by the group of D. Zmeev at Lancaster [13]. Due to the large magnetic fields that are required for adiabatic demagnetization in order to cool liquid 3 He into the superfluid state, our design cannot be used.…”

Section: Outlook: a Levitating Sphere Moving In Superfluid 3 He?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex Shedding from a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid $$^4$$He at mK Temperatures and from a Laser Beam Moving in a Bose–Einstein Condensate

Schoepe

2022

J Low Temp Phys

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Turbulent drag of an oscillating microsphere that is levitating in superfluid $$^4$$ 4 He at mK temperatures, is unstable slightly above a critical velocity amplitude $$v_c$$ v c . The lifetime $$\tau$$ τ of the turbulent state is determined by the number n of vortices shed per half-period. It is found that this number is identical to the superfluid Reynolds number. The possibility of moving a levitating sphere through superfluid $$^3$$ 3 He at microkelvin temperatures is considered. A laser beam moving through a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) (as observed by other authors) also produces vortices in the BEC. In particular, in either case, a linear dependence of the shedding frequency $$f_v$$ f v on $$\Delta v = v - v_c$$ Δ v = v - v c is observed, where v is the velocity amplitude of the sphere or the constant velocity of the laser beam above $$v_c$$ v c for the onset of turbulent flow: $$f_v = a \,\Delta v$$ f v = a Δ v , where the coefficient a is proportional to the oscillation frequency $$\omega$$ ω above some characteristic frequency $$\omega _k$$ ω k and assumes a finite value for steady motion $$\omega \rightarrow 0$$ ω → 0 . A relation between the superfluid Reynolds number and the superfluid Strouhal number is presented that is different from classical turbulence.

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“…Although there is a large body of literature on oscillating structures in superfluid 3 He, like vibrating wires, tuning forks or grids, but so far there are no experiments with a floating sphere, that could be compared in detail with our work on 4 He . However, very recently a fascinating attempt has been suggested by the group of D. Zmeev at Lancaster [13]. Due to the large magnetic fields that are required for adiabatic demagnetization in order to cool liquid 3 He into the superfluid state, our design cannot be used.…”

Section: Below (Color Figure Online)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vortex shedding from a microsphere oscillating in superfluid ^4He at mK temperatures and from a laser beam moving in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Schoepe

2022

Preprint

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Turbulent drag of an oscillating microsphere, that is levitating in superfluid 4 He at mK temperatures, is unstable slightly above a critical velocity amplitude vc. The lifetime τ of the turbulent state is determined by the number n of vortices shed per half-period. It is found that this number is identical to the superfluid Reynolds number. The possibility of moving a levitating sphere through superfluid 3 He at microkelvin temperatures is considered. A laser beam moving through a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) (as observed by other authors) also produces vortices in the BEC. In particular, in either case a linear dependence of the shedding frequency fv on ∆v = v − vc is observed, where v is the velocity amplitude of the sphere or the constant velocity of the laser beam above vc for the onset of turbulent flow: fv = a ∆v, where the coefficient a is proportional to the oscillation frequency ω above some characteristic frequency ω k and assumes a finite value for steady motion ω → 0. A relation between the superfluid Reynolds number and the superfluid Strouhal number is presented that is different from classical turbulence.

show abstract

Design of a system for controlling a levitating sphere in superfluid 3He at extremely low temperatures

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Transport of bound quasiparticle states in a two-dimensional boundary superfluid

Transport of bound quasiparticle states in a two-dimensional boundary superfluid

Vortex Shedding from a Microsphere Oscillating in Superfluid $$^4$$He at mK Temperatures and from a Laser Beam Moving in a Bose–Einstein Condensate

Vortex shedding from a microsphere oscillating in superfluid ^4He at mK temperatures and from a laser beam moving in a Bose-Einstein condensate

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