Design of a test for the electromagnetic coupling of non-local wavefunctions

Modanese, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2018.12.078

Cited by 8 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Spirichev [141] proposed a version of EED (by analogy to elasticity theory), finding: (i) A µ is a physically measurable field, as discussed above; (ii) C and the SLW exist; and (iii) PAPF create a particle-antiparticle plasma, which is compressible (elastic), facilitating SLW propagation. Modanese [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] has explored non-local, quantum wave-functions via violation of local charge conservation in condensed matter. A high-frequency dipole oscillation at 10 GHz leads to double-retarded integrals [69] from EED; the E L magnitude then exceeds the E T magnitude by a factor of 10 2 -10 3 in the far-field.…”

Section: Eed Implications For Quantum Mechanics and General Relativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Reed

Hively

2020

Symmetry

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Recent tests measured an irrotational (curl-free) magnetic vector potential (A) that is contrary to classical electrodynamics (CED). A (irrotational) arises in extended electrodynamics (EED) that is derivable from the Stueckelberg Lagrangian. A (irrotational) implies an irrotational (gradient-driven) electrical current density, J. Consequently, EED is gauge-free and provably unique. EED predicts a scalar field that equals the quantity usually set to zero as the Lorenz gauge, making A and the scalar potential () independent and physically-measureable fields. EED predicts a scalar-longitudinal wave (SLW) that has an electric field along the direction of propagation together with the scalar field, carrying both energy and momentum. EED also predicts the scalar wave (SW) that carries energy without momentum. EED predicts that the SLW and SW are unconstrained by the skin effect, because neither wave has a magnetic field that generates dissipative eddy currents in electrical conductors. The novel concept of a “gradient-driven” current is a key feature of US Patent 9,306,527 that disclosed antennas for SLW generation and reception. Preliminary experiments have validated the SLW’s no-skin-effect constraint as a potential harbinger of new technologies, a possible explanation for poorly understood laboratory and astrophysical phenomena, and a forerunner of paradigm revolutions.

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Section: Eed Implications For Quantum Mechanics and General Relativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Reed

Hively

2020

Symmetry

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“…Such effects are expected to be small, but detectable with accurate experiments, as briefly discussed in Section 3. Finally, in Section 4, we present some numerical solutions for the case of stationary currents, obtained not through the direct wave equations derived in this work, but through the double-retarded integrals written in [14,35]. In this way it is possible to display explicitly the contributions of the auxiliary field S, confirming that such contributions cancel out and the only consequence for B is the missing field effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Are Current Discontinuities in Molecular Devices Experimentally Observable?

Minotti

Modanese

2021

Symmetry

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An ongoing debate in the first-principles description of conduction in molecular devices concerns the correct definition of current in the presence of non-local potentials. If the physical current density ??j=(−ieℏ/2m)(Ψ*∇Ψ−Ψ∇Ψ*) is not locally conserved but can be re-adjusted by a non-local term, which current should be regarded as real? Situations of this kind have been studied for example, for currents in saturated chains of alkanes, silanes and germanes, and in linear carbon wires. We prove that in any case the extended Maxwell equations by Aharonov-Bohm give the e.m. field generated by such currents without any ambiguity. In fact, the wave equations have the same source terms as in Maxwell theory, but the local non-conservation of charge leads to longitudinal radiative contributions of E, as well as to additional transverse radiative terms in both E and B. For an oscillating dipole we show that the radiated electrical field has a longitudinal component proportional to ωP^, where P^ is the anomalous moment ∫I^(x)xd3x and I^ is the space-dependent part of the anomaly ?I=∂tρ+∇·j. For example, if a fraction η of a charge q oscillating over a distance 2a lacks a corresponding current, the predicted maximum longitudinal field (along the oscillation axis) is EL,max=2ηω2qa/(c2r). In the case of a stationary current in a molecular device, a failure of local current conservation causes a “missing field” effect that can be experimentally observable, especially if its entity depends on the total current; in this case one should observe at a fixed position changes in the ratio B/i in dependence on i, in contrast with the standard Maxwell equations. The missing field effect is confirmed by numerical solutions of the extended equations, which also show the spatial distribution of the non-local term in the current.

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“…The extended Maxwell equations by Aharonov and Bohm ( [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]; see also eq.s (60), (61) in the Appendix) are employed for the calculation of electromagnetic fields generated by sources which violate the local charge conservation condition ∂ t ρ + ∇ · J = 0. Barring exceptional situations in cosmology where such violations may occur at the macroscopic level, a possible microscopic failure of local conservation has been predicted in quantum mechanics in the following situations: 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. For the proximity effect in superconductors, especially in thick SNS junctions in cuprates, where the Gorkov equation cannot be properly approximated by a local Ginzburg-Landau equation [9,17,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This field is independent from any solenoidal component, and therefore the ambiguities mentioned above do not directly affect our results. It turns out that the radiation field generated by an oscillating dipole with a failure in local conservation (the most obvious example, apart from the quasi-static case examined in [9]) has very interesting features: namely, it contains an anomalous longitudinal electrical component, with large strength and long range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Frequency Electromagnetic Emission from Non-Local Wavefunctions

Modanese

2019

Applied Sciences

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In systems with non-local potentials or other kinds of non-locality, the Landauer-Büttiker formula of quantum transport leads to replace the usual gauge-invariant current density J with a current J ext which has a non-local part and coincides with the current of the extended Aharonov-Bohm electrodynamics. It follows that the electromagnetic field generated by this current can have some peculiar properties, and in particular the electric field of an oscillating dipole can have a long-range longitudinal component. The calculation is complex because it requires the evaluation of double-retarded integrals. We report the outcome of some numerical integrations with specific parameters for the source: dipole length ∼ 10 −7 cm, frequency 10 GHz. The resulting longitudinal field E L turns out to be of the order of 10 2 to 10 3 times larger than the transverse component (only for the non-local part of the current). Possible applications concern the radiation field generated by Josephson tunnelling in thick SNS junctions in YBCO and by current flow in molecular nano-devices.

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Design of a test for the electromagnetic coupling of non-local wavefunctions

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Are Current Discontinuities in Molecular Devices Experimentally Observable?

High-Frequency Electromagnetic Emission from Non-Local Wavefunctions

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