Design of an implanted compact antenna for an artificial cardiac pacemaker system

Abstract

An implanted compact antenna for an artificial cardiac pacemaker is proposed. The dimension of the pacemaker system, including the antenna element, is 30 mm × 35 mm × 7 mm. When the antenna is embedded in a semi-solid flat phantom with equivalent electrical properties as the human body, S 11 value is −19.2 dB at 403.5 MHz and the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 10 MHz (399∼409 MHz). The proposed antenna in the phantom has a peak gain of −24.61 dBi at 403.5 MHz. The measured specific absorption ratio (SAR) value of the proposed antenna is 0.0079 W/Kg (1 g tissue). Moreover, to estimate the communication performance of the proposed antenna operated in the real environment, a link budget analysis is performed.

Effects of the permittivity and conductivity of human body for normal-mode helical antenna performance

“…The near field distribution discussed in Fig. 8 to 10 is important as the standard procedure of SAR estimation can be done based on electric field data [31,32]. Based on SAR Mesh size of antenna wire, Áw ¼ !…”

Skin and brain implantable inset‐fed antenna at ISM band for wireless biotelemetry applications

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The main challenge in designing the implantable antenna is miniaturization because very small area is provided in the implantable devices for fitting the antenna. For making a compact sized antenna, many techniques are used, such as, Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) structure, 6 shorting pin, 7,8 patch stacking, [9][10][11] meandered, 1,12 and spiral [13][14][15][16] shaped designs, which ultimately makes a longer path for current flow, and also use higher dielectric materials. [17][18][19] Second, challenge is biocompatibility of antenna material to human body as the material of antenna can react to human tissues, which can be dangerous for human body.…”

In‐silico and in‐vitro testing of an implantable superstrate loaded biocompatible antenna for MICS band applications

“…As the antenna must be inserted inside skin; therefore, it is to be as small as possible. For creating a compact size antenna, many techniques are used like as planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) structure, 14 meandered, 15 shorting pin, 16,17 patch stacking, 18‐20 spiral 21‐24 shaped designs, and use of high dielectric materials 25‐27 …”