Design of an Optical System for Phase Retrieval based on a Spatial Light Modulator

Falldorf, Claas; Agour, Mostafa; Kopylow, Christoph von; Bergmann, Ralf B.; Rastogi, Pramod K.; Hack, Erwin

doi:10.1063/1.3426124

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…17,18 Furthermore, the structure of the wavefield in the sensor domain and its dependence from the discrete nature of the SLM had been studied in Ref. 12 Now let us introduce a measure to quantitatively assess the recovered phase. First a set of intensity measurements using the SLM based phase retrieval setup is captured.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of misalignment in phase retrieval based on a spatial light modulator

et al. 2011

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Recently we have proposed the conception of an innovative experimental scheme for phase retrieval from a set of consecutive intensity measurements. It is based on a 4f -optical filter with a reflective phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) located in the Fourier domain. The main advantage of this scheme is the greatly reduced measurement time since no mechanical shift is required throughout the capturing process. To recover the phase, the captured intensities have been subjected to an iterative process based on generalized projections. Here, we investigate the influence of misalignment, between the optical axes of the setup, on the performance of the iterative scheme's solution. It is demonstrated that if misalignments is present, measurement errors will be propagated in the iterative process and thus affect the accuracy and the rate of convergence of the phase retrieval. The concept is demonstrated by investigating the wavefield diffracted by the U.S. Air Force resolution target. In the case of an aligned setup, it is shown that only 5 planes and 10 iterations give good reconstructions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of misalignment in phase retrieval based on a spatial light modulator

et al. 2011

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“…Another possible application is to use the phase plate for phase retrieval experiments. This idea has already been studied in optics (Zhang et al, 2007;Falldorf et al, 2010;Zhang & Rodenburg, 2010), and the possibilities of fast and reliable wavefront tuning with the electrostatic phase plate can allow us to do the same in the electron microscope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a Programmable Phase Plate Serve as an Aberration Corrector in the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

Ibáñez

Béché

Verbeeck

2023

Microscopy and Microanalysis

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Current progress in programmable electrostatic phase plates raises questions about their usefulness for specific applications. Here, we explore different designs for such phase plates with the specific goal of correcting spherical aberration in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). We numerically investigate whether a phase plate could provide down to 1 Ångström spatial resolution on a conventional uncorrected TEM. Different design aspects (fill factor, pixel pattern, symmetry) were evaluated to understand their effect on the electron probe size and current density. Some proposed designs show a probe size ( $d_{50}$ ) down to 0.66 Å, proving that it should be possible to correct spherical aberration well past the 1 Å limit using a programmable phase plate consisting of an array of electrostatic phase-shifting elements.

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“…Furthermore, the structure of the wave field in the sensor domain and its dependence on the discrete nature of the SLM has been studied in Ref. [20].…”

Section: Design Parameters Of the Slm-pr Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of smooth wave fronts using SLM-based phase retrieval and a phase diffuser

Agour¹,

Almoro²,

Falldorf³

2012

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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A phase retrieval technique using a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a phase diffuser for a fast reconstruction of smooth wave fronts is demonstrated experimentally. Diffuse illumination of a smooth test object with the aid of a phase diffuser (maximum phase shift, ∆φ = 0.85π) results in a significant diversity in the intensity measurements which, in turn, is beneficial for a non-stagnating iterative phase reconstruction. The use of the SLM enables accurate and fast speckle intensity recording and active correction of misalignments in the setup. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated in the optical testing of lenses.

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Design of an Optical System for Phase Retrieval based on a Spatial Light Modulator

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

The effect of misalignment in phase retrieval based on a spatial light modulator

The effect of misalignment in phase retrieval based on a spatial light modulator

Can a Programmable Phase Plate Serve as an Aberration Corrector in the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)?

Investigation of smooth wave fronts using SLM-based phase retrieval and a phase diffuser

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