2014
DOI: 10.3390/biom4020402
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Design of Catalytically Amplified Sensors for Small Molecules

Abstract: Catalytically amplified sensors link an allosteric analyte binding site with a reactive site to catalytically convert substrate into colored or fluorescent product that can be easily measured. Such an arrangement greatly improves a sensor’s detection limit as illustrated by successful application of ELISA-based approaches. The ability to engineer synthetic catalytic sites into non-enzymatic proteins expands the repertoire of analytes as well as readout reactions. Here we review recent examples of small molecul… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…Despite its small size, AlleyCat was further improved by directed evolution to reach the turnover number of 3.2 s −1 and enzymatic efficiency of 1280 m −1 s −1 in just seven rounds [17•]. The allosteric nature of AlleyCat provides additional opportunities in sensing [18]. Conferring the ability to convert colorless substrate into yellow product onto a calcium-modulated protein creates a catalytically amplified sensor for calcium.…”
Section: The Kemp Eliminationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite its small size, AlleyCat was further improved by directed evolution to reach the turnover number of 3.2 s −1 and enzymatic efficiency of 1280 m −1 s −1 in just seven rounds [17•]. The allosteric nature of AlleyCat provides additional opportunities in sensing [18]. Conferring the ability to convert colorless substrate into yellow product onto a calcium-modulated protein creates a catalytically amplified sensor for calcium.…”
Section: The Kemp Eliminationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6, 9, 13, 30, 31 Moreover, glucose oxidase requires an alcohol at the anomeric position of glucose (i.e., the hemiacetal form) to act upon the substrate, which would not be available in an ether linkage. The challenge with this approach is the need for a pro-drug-like connector piece (Figure 3a) that links the anomeric position of glucose with a unit that reacts selectively with hydrogen peroxide, but is also capable of releasing glucose quickly.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…19 Diagnostic assays that are designed for resource-limited environments (i.e., point-of-need diagnostics), however, typically do not employ these signal amplification strategies. For many point-of-need applications, the assays must maintain an appropriate balance of low cost, speed (assay times of minutes), and simplicity (ideally nearly anyone would be able to conduct the assay).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[2][3][4][5][6] Bei allen Vorteilen solcher Systeme stellt die Balance zwischen hoher Aktivität bei niedrigen Substratkonzentrationen einerseits,u nd Unreaktivität gegenüber zahllosen zellulären Molekülen andererseits,e ine anspruchsvolle Herausforderung bei der Entwicklung von Katalysatoren dar. [7] Enzyme entwickelten sich in der Natur über Millionen von Jahren hinweg zu hocheffizienten Biokatalysatoren, die perfekt an ihre Aufgabe im biologischen Kontext angepasst sind. [2] Der unbestreitbare Vorteil der Signalverstärkung durch katalytischen Umsatz wurde bereits auf dem Gebiet der enzymbasierten biologischen Bildgebung und Detektion erfolgreich gezeigt.…”
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“…[2] Der unbestreitbare Vorteil der Signalverstärkung durch katalytischen Umsatz wurde bereits auf dem Gebiet der enzymbasierten biologischen Bildgebung und Detektion erfolgreich gezeigt. [7] Enzyme entwickelten sich in der Natur über Millionen von Jahren hinweg zu hocheffizienten Biokatalysatoren, die perfekt an ihre Aufgabe im biologischen Kontext angepasst sind. Dieser evolutionäre Entwicklungsprozess kann im Labor simuliert werden, und mittels gerichteter Evolution [8] [2,9] Zunächst wurden passende Paare aus Enzym und Schutzgruppe identifiziert, die im besten Fall Bioorthogonalität vorweisen sollten, d. h. die Schutzgruppe ist vçllig stabil in der biologischen Umgebung und wird effizient und selektiv ausschließlich vom ausgewählten, evolvierten Enzym gespalten.…”
unclassified