Design of Closed Photobioreactors for Algal Cultivation

Koller, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20200-6_4

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Generally, the rate of photosynthesis correlates with light supply until photo-inhibition is reached. Excessive illumination causes damage to the photoreceptor system leading finally to cell death [ 7 , 8 ]. Therefore, photosynthetic organisms contain pigments for light-harvesting and photoprotection.…”

Section: Microalgae Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main limitations stem from insufficient mixing, causing a suboptimal supply of CO 2 and restricted illumination. Cultivation times are approximately 6–8 weeks, with cell densities of about 0.1 or 25 g/m 2 d. Furthermore, weather-dependent cultivation parameters and unsterile cultivation conditions lead to low reproducibility [ 7 ]. The use of controlled, closed photobioreactor systems (PBRs) results in higher biomass (and product concentrations) and reproducible results.…”

Section: Microalgae Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultivation systems range from open shallow raceway ponds to closed photobioreactors. The systems mostly used on a large scale and on a commercial basis are open systems [ 7 ]. For human consumption, the microalgae Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima are the most common and most intensively investigated organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

Kratzer

Murkovic

2021

Foods

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Microalgal products are an emerging class of food, feed, and nutraceuticals. They include dewatered or dried biomass, isolated pigments, and extracted fat. The oil, protein, and antioxidant-rich microalgal biomass is used as a feed and food supplement formulated as pastes, powders, tablets, capsules, or flakes designed for daily use. Pigments such as astaxanthin (red), lutein (yellow), chlorophyll (green), or phycocyanin (bright blue) are natural food dyes used as isolated pigments or pigment-rich biomass. Algal fat extracted from certain marine microalgae represents a vegetarian source of n-3-fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), γ-linolenic acid (GLA)). Gaining an overview of the production of microalgal products is a time-consuming task. Here, requirements and options of microalgae cultivation are summarized in a concise manner, including light and nutrient requirements, growth conditions, and cultivation systems. The rentability of microalgal products remains the major obstacle in industrial application. Key challenges are the high costs of commercial-scale cultivation, harvesting (and dewatering), and product quality assurance (toxin analysis). High-value food ingredients are commonly regarded as profitable despite significant capital expenditures and energy inputs. Improvements in capital and operational costs shall enable economic production of low-value food products going down to fishmeal replacement in the future economy.

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Section: Microalgae Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microalgae Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

Kratzer

Murkovic

2021

Foods

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“…Five different types of closed photobioreactors are mainly used in photobiotechnology, which are stirred tank reactors, bubble column reactors, tubular reactors, airlift reactors and flat panels, whereby flat panels can also be seen as bubble column or airlift reactor in terms of aeration with a geometry optimized for light exposure. Apart from that, plastic bag reactors can be used as cheap cultivation systems for biomass production with phototrophic organisms, which are a further development of a bubble column reactor . Some of these reactor types are developed from reactor forms usually used in biotechnology (Figure ).…”

Section: Scale Up and Numbering Up In Photobiotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Same but different–Scale up and numbering up in electrobiotechnology and photobiotechnology

Enzmann

Stöckl

Zeng

et al. 2019

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Facing energy problems, there is a strong demand for new technologies dealing with the replacement of fossil fuels. The emerging fields of biotechnology, photobiotechnology and electrobiotechnology, offer solutions for the production of fuels, energy, or chemicals using renewable energy sources (light or electrical current e.g. produced by wind or solar power) or organic (waste) substrates. From an engineering point of view both technologies have analogies and some similar challenges, since both light and electron transfer are primarily surface‐dependent. In contrast to that, bioproduction processes are typically volume dependent. To allow large scale and industrially relevant applications of photobiotechnology and electrobiotechnology, this opinion first gives an overview over the current scales reached in these areas. We then try to point out the challenges and possible methods for the scale up or numbering up of the reactors used. It is shown that the field of photobiotechnology is by now much more advanced than electrobiotechnology and has achieved industrial applications in some cases. We argue that transferring knowledge from photobiotechnology to electrobiotechnology can speed up the development of the emerging field of electrobiotechnology. We believe that a combination of scale up and numbering up, as it has been shown for several photobiotechnological reactors, may well lead to industrially relevant scales in electrobiotechnological processes allowing an industrial application of the technology in near future.

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“…Many advanced and complicated solutions for the cultivation of microalgae have been proposed [12][13][14][15] . If cheaper construction of a reactor for the cultivation of photoautotrophic organisms with a better utilization of nutrients could be used instead of technically advanced solutions, greater economic sustainability could be achieved [16][17][18][19] . Two reactors that differ in their construction, ratio of illuminated surface (A) to volume (V), and operating costs were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Growth Yield of Spirulina maxima in Photobioreactors

Saeid

Chojnacka

2016

Chem.Biochem.Eng.Q.

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The paper deals with the evaluation of the parameters for the cultivation of Spirulina maxima in two reactors (large-laboratory scale (LL) and semi-technical scale (ST)), whose illuminated areas in respect of the illuminated volume are different, and with the operating costs. We evaluated the growth yield coefficients for Spirulina maxima cultures. In the LL, the following factors were identified: Y O 2 /X -65.5; Y X/CO 2 -0.0806; Y X/P 2 O 5 -0.0082, while in the ST: Y O 2 /X -583; Y X/CO 2 -0.017; Y X/P 2 O 5 -0.0023. Although the reactor in the ST was equipped with many devices that should have improved the efficiency of cultivation, the obtained result was lower compared to the culture conducted in the LL. It was proved that it was possible to perform the cultivation of Spirulina maxima under temperate climate conditions in simply constructed, low cost reactors.

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Design of Closed Photobioreactors for Algal Cultivation

Cited by 24 publications

References 101 publications

Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals from Microalgae: Main Product Classes and Biotechnological Production

Same but different–Scale up and numbering up in electrobiotechnology and photobiotechnology

Evaluation of Growth Yield of Spirulina maxima in Photobioreactors

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