The unexpected increased cases of COVID-19 pressured the healthcare system to be exposed to unprecedented challenges, where healthcare management is a complex but essential process to manage and coordinate all information and resources. Critical problems are emerging in this new routine and demanding a higher efficiency of medical data sharing. It is becoming emergent to improve the performances of city systems and create an open data city for reliable information and data sharing (e.g., medical and testing) for better public awareness and healthcare services. This research aims to critically review past efforts in open data city for healthcare from the perspective of data management strategy and development. China was selected as a representative due to its fast development in healthcare infrastructure and medical big data, where 79 out of 4,611 articles have been selected, reviewed, and analyzed. A mixed-method approach has been implemented to review and assess the existing efforts of open data city for healthcare through latitudinal and longitudinal analyses from five aspects based on socio-technical systems: technology, people, infrastructure, processes, and culture. The gaps, missions, and challenges of developing an open data city for healthcare have also been summarised, and an open data city healthcare reinforcement 2 framework has been proposed accordingly. This research contributes a new multi-dimensional way to rethink the development of open data city in healthcare and helps establish the state-of-the-art of open data city.