Design of combustion sensory based controller for natural gas engines

Nwagboso, Christopher; Pendlebury, M A; Mukarram, S K

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/15/2/001

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There is a number of diverse combustion sensors currently used in the automotive industry, although some of them are used only for research purposes. Amongst these are combustion pressure sensors [10], optical sensors [11][12][13], hot-wire sensors [14], infrared sensors and the spark plug itself [11,14,15]. All of these methods have their advantages as well as disadvantages, for example, combustion pressure sensing is often noted for its high accuracy, but stringent calibration requirements and high cost; optical sensors can be cost effective but can potentially suffer from fouling by combustion products leading to inconsistent results; conventional ion-current analysis, using the spark plug, is cost effective and has been used successfully for many types of analysis of running engines but it needs modifications to the ignition system circuit which may potentially lead to decreased reliability of the ignition system.…”

Section: Sensor Techniques For Monitoring Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the air–fuel ratio of internal combustion engines using a neural network

Walters¹,

Zoysa²,

Howlett³

2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Precise control of an internal combustion engine for the reduction of exhaust emissions benefits substantially from accurate measurement of the air–fuel or λ ratio. This paper describes the use of the spark plug as a combustion sensor. The time-varying spark-voltage profile is acquired and used to train a neural network. The neural network is able to estimate the λ ratio. Minimal additional instrumentation is required. Therefore, this method potentially provides a cheap and robust sensor for measuring the λ ratio. The work described here involved devising an appropriate data acquisition system and undertaking experiments to validate the sensor technique. Vectors representing the spark-voltage profile were acquired at three different λ ratio operating points and used to train and test the neural network to ascertain its ability to determine the λ ratio accurately and linearly over a range. The results have supported the application of the spark-voltage profile as a means of λ ratio measurement and the use of neural networks for rapid calibration of engine management systems. Potential benefits and problems of neural network analysis of spark-voltage vectors, as a means of λ ratio estimation by virtual sensing, have been discussed.

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Section: Sensor Techniques For Monitoring Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the air–fuel ratio of internal combustion engines using a neural network

Walters¹,

Zoysa²,

Howlett³

2006

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…A multiobjective design optimization system of exhaust manifold shapes with tapered pipes for a car engine was developed by using divided range multiobjective genetic algorithm (DRMOGA) to obtain more engine power as well as to produce less pollution (Kanazaki et al, 2004). Nwagboso et al (2004) presented the design of a novel fiber optic sensory system for monitoring the combustion event in a natural gas engine. Concern over the ever-increasing stringent emission requirements and rising fuel costs has resulted in closer examination of the control of combustion in internal combustion engines.…”

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automotive Wastes

El‐Din¹,

Singh²

2005

Water Environment Research

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This review provides a summary of the most recently published research literature related to automotive wastes, solid wastes including wastes from automotive bodies and acid batteries, emissions produced by automotive industry and vehicles, and its toxicological and public health effects. GENERALEuropean legislations such as the End of Life Vehicle (ELV), Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and the Restriction of use of certain Hazardous Substances (RHS) Directives, as well as strict domestic and international labeling and reporting requirements, were reviewed by Przekop and Kerr (2004). This prompted automotive manufacturers to evaluate their products and processes to determine the recycling potential and identify the presence of hazardous restricted substances. It was concluded that the companies that implemented the data collection and management procedures would be able to meet "End of Life" reporting requirements, and design future products that are eco-friendly and provide an economical advantage. Schmidt et al. (2004) summarized the results of a European Commission funded project (LIRECAR) 1729 that aimed at investigating the relationship between possible environmental impacts and their relevance for combinations of recycling/recovery and lightweight vehicle design options over the whole life cycle of a vehicle, i.e., manufacturing, use, and recycling/recovery. The conclusions were also not necessarily transferable to other vehicle concepts. Based on LIRECAR results, concluded that the general assumption that lightweight and recycling greatly influence the environmental aspect was not true under all analyzed circumstances and was not as significant as suggested.The environmental protection aspects in the automotive industry were discussed by Winkel (2004a). These aspects were very important for an automotive industry from economic and legal perspectives, and simultaneously addressed the growing concerns of environmental safety and preservation. Some of the efforts involved were: pressures to increase fuel efficiency, to reduce exhaust emissions, and to use recyclable lightweight materials. Winkel (2004b) reported the past efforts made by the automotive industry to reduce environmental pollution. The focus of these efforts was to develop a specific approach aimed at reducing the vehicle weight by using lightweight materials.Polymers, composites, and plastics sourced from recycled material and those based on renewable sources, are slowly growing in importance in automotive industry. SOLID WASTES Automotive bodyA new technology that converts auto shredder residues and plastic wastes into useful products used in retaining walls and parking curbs, was reported by Lazareck (2004). This technology was developed by XPotential Products Inc., Winnipeg, Canada. Harler (2004) illustrated the major challenges faced by the scrap recyclers. Two new technologies, one for stainless recovery based on high speed air jets, while the other known as "skin flotation" process, were discussed.Skin flotation involv...

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“…However, adapt-cesses in an automotive engine as well as to predict the continuous torque and exhaust emissions from engines ive control theory requires a linear control object, which introduces some of the same problems in such systems within 5 per cent of their measured values [24][25][26][27]. Nwagboso and co-workers [28][29][30] also worked on as in linear quadratic regulator systems.…”

Section: Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance benchmarks of pressure and fibre optics sensors for natural gas engine control

Nwagboso

Pendlebury

Mukarram

2004

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Traditionally, the automotive industry has been using piezoelectric transducers for measuring cylinder pressure due to their higher frequency and relatively small size. However, there is the need to develop sensors that are capable of measuring other combustion parameters. An optical fibre sensor can give accurate readings of combustion characteristics (e.g. combustion species concentrations) with high temporal resolution within each engine cycle. Engine control systems incorporating these sensors can reduce harmful emissions levels and improve fuel economy as well as performing parametric monitoring for predicting emission levels. A strategic combination of the fibre optic sensor as part of the control system can be deployed in order to provide these benefits. This paper presents the design of a novel sensing scheme with a fibre optic sensory system capable of monitoring the combustion event as part of the natural gas engine control system with a minimal invasive technique. The robustness of the optical sensory system is compared with a pressure sensory signal and is used to analyse mass fraction burn and heat release. An integrated ignition controller is presented that will enable the ignition angle to be modified based on the measured optical combustion signal with a control technique to provide an optimal management of the engine performance. The technique presented in this paper was developed as part of a research and development programme. However, the results will also make a significant contribution to further deployment of the technology in production vehicles.

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Design of combustion sensory based controller for natural gas engines

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Monitoring the air–fuel ratio of internal combustion engines using a neural network

Monitoring the air–fuel ratio of internal combustion engines using a neural network

Automotive Wastes

Performance benchmarks of pressure and fibre optics sensors for natural gas engine control

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