Design of Cross-Flow Cooling Towers and Ammonia Stripping Towers

Wnęk, W.; Snow, Richard H.

doi:10.1021/i260043a004

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The arsine, hydrogen selenide, and ammonia gas cylinders were installed in a safety chamber that vents into the safety hood. A face mask with a regulator specific for NH 3 and HCl, and personal protection monitors were obtained for use .The inlet gas flow rates were calculated for a desired composition in the feed gas and, once verified by bubble meter measurements, were maintained during experimentation by the rotameters, designated as (3), (6) and (9) in the Figure 9. The exit gas stream passed through a wash bottle containing sodium hydroxide (caustic -NaOH) for excess H 2 S removal after the trace metals were collected in inlet or outlet sample trains.…”

Section: Figure 7 Schematic Of Gti Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Integrated Multi-Contaminant Removal Process Applied to Warm Syngas Cleanup for Coal-Based Advanced Gasification Systems

Meyer¹

2010

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This information was prepared by Gas Technology Institute (GTI) for the United States Department of Energy. Neither GTI, the members of GTI, the Sponsor(s), nor any person acting on behalf of any of them: a. Makes any warranty or representation, express or implied with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained in this report, or that the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report may not infringe privatelyowned rights. Inasmuch as this project is experimental in nature, the technical information, results, or conclusions cannot be predicted. Conclusions and analysis of results by GTI represent GTI's opinion based on inferences from measurements and empirical relationships, which inferences and assumptions are not infallible, and with respect to which competent specialists may differ. b. Assumes any liability with respect to the use of, or for any and all damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report; any other use of, or reliance on, this report by any third party is at the third party's sole risk.

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Section: Figure 7 Schematic Of Gti Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Integrated Multi-Contaminant Removal Process Applied to Warm Syngas Cleanup for Coal-Based Advanced Gasification Systems

Meyer¹

2010

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“…The mean driving force was assumed to be the entering potential difference. Wnek and Snow (1972) present a practical design method for two applications: cooling tower, and ammonia stripping towers with simultaneous cooling. They observed that the temperature change of the liquid across the width of the tower is small in comparison to that across its height and this allows the development of an analytical solution of tower dimensions for stripping of ammonia from water.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mass Transfer Units in Single and Multiple Stage Packed Bed, Cross-Flow Devices

Thibodeaux¹,

Daner²,

Kimura³

et al. 1977

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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The flow rate and power requirement ratios decrease with increasing dimensionless frequency and ultimately approach values of unity. At low dimensionless frequencies, the flow and power ratios reach maximum asymptotic values.6. If the rheological behavior of a polymer solution or polymer melt can be described by an Ellis or power law model, the dimensionless graphs can be used to estimate flow rates and power requirements for a pulsating flow process.

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Numerical methods of solution for continuous countercurrent processes in the nonsteady state part I: Model equations and development of numerical methods and algorithms

Tan

Spinner

1984

AIChE Journal

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Simple, efficient and noniterative algorithms are developed for the calculation of the dynamics of continuous countercurrent processes described by hyperbolic differential equations. The algorithms are derived using the method of characteristics and are particularly useful for either general quadratic or hyperbolic isotherms such as the Langmuir isotherm. The use of characteristic coordinates for the numerical solution avoids accumulating errors that would arise from computations based on a rectangular grid of real time and space coordinates.The proposed methods can provide an efficient framework for extension to transport processes with general nonlinear rate expressions. The algorithms and methods initially derived for simple models can be extended to more complex systems such as countercurrent flow with accumulating stationary phases and response to distributed disturbances.The application of the algorithm and methods to a number of countercurrent mass and heat transfer processes will be illustrated in Part 11, where the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods will also be demonstrated by comparison to available analytic solutions. An example demonstrating the extension of the method to a system with complex coupled boundary conditions will also be discussed. SCOPEThe purpose of this paper is to present a simple, efficient and accurate numerical method which can facilitate the determination of the dynamic behavior of countercurrent heat and mass transfer processes. Although the steady-state behavior of these processes can be usually analyzed quantitatively, the same cannot be said for the transient state. Simple general analytic solutions for the nonsteady state are not readily obtainable, partly due to the presence of split boundary conditions. The most general form of analytic solution (Jaswon and Smith, 1954) is in a complicated series form and the evaluation even for relatively simple boundary conditions is difficult and time-consuming, requiring lengthy computer calculation. The simultaneous partial differential equations for nonsteady-state countercurrent processes have thus been evaluated numerically by many authors in a variety of ways. These include application of finite difference methods and the use of cell or lumped parameter models. Both methods have been shown to implicitly involve a dispersion term which smooths and spreads the discontinuous wave behavior of the hyperbolic equations often used to model countercurrent processes. Attempts to represent the discontinuity by decreasing the size of the increments of finite difference schemes or by increasing the number of cells in lumped parameter models can lead to lengthy computation.The method of characteristics transforms the simultaneous hyperbolic partial differential equations to a set of ordinary K. S. TAN and 1. H. SPINNER Department of Chemical Engineering andApplied Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada differential equations which can be integrated numerically by standard methods. Acrivos (1954) indicated the pos...

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Design of Cross-Flow Cooling Towers and Ammonia Stripping Towers

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Development of an Integrated Multi-Contaminant Removal Process Applied to Warm Syngas Cleanup for Coal-Based Advanced Gasification Systems

Development of an Integrated Multi-Contaminant Removal Process Applied to Warm Syngas Cleanup for Coal-Based Advanced Gasification Systems

Mass Transfer Units in Single and Multiple Stage Packed Bed, Cross-Flow Devices

Numerical methods of solution for continuous countercurrent processes in the nonsteady state part I: Model equations and development of numerical methods and algorithms

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