“…D ELAY or disruption tolerant networks (DTNs) have been used for a wide range of applications to provide robust data communications in challenging environments, such as pocket switched networks [1], [2], vehicular ad hoc networks [3], [4], [5], mobile sensor networks [6], [7], mobile social networks [8], [9], disaster-relief networks [10], or space communication networks [11], [12], [13]. In DTNs, the lack of continuous connectivity, network partitioning, long delays, unreliable time-varying links, and dynamic topology pose new challenges in design of DTN network protocols.…”