Design of Direct and Indirect Liquid Cooling Systems for High- Capacity, High-Power Lithium-Ion Battery Packs

Adaptive Kalman filtering based internal temperature estimation with an equivalent electrical network thermal model for hard-cased batteries

“…For vehicular applications, the hard-cased battery cells are getting popular because they are easy for the pack design [25,26]. This paper makes a comprehensive study of using the equivalent electrical network thermal (EENT) model, which is also a kind of lumped thermal model [18,20,27], to design an adaptive online estimator of the internal temperature of the hard-cased battery cells.…”

A systematic approach for electrochemical-thermal modelling of a large format lithium-ion battery for electric vehicle application

“…It has been widely reported that many of the battery characteristics such as cycle life, reliability, cost, and in particular energy and power density are highly affected by the operating temperature [2,3]. The choice of the cell as well as the energy/power requirement of the pack, define the framework for designing the thermal management system (TMS) [4]. The primary function of the TMS is to regulate the battery temperature within the optimum range, typically defined to be between 15 and 35°C [5,6], and to ensure battery safety and durability [5,6].…”

A review on research status and key technologies of battery thermal management and its enhanced safety

“…Additionally, Teng and Yeow analyzed thermal performances of two battery modules/pack cooling methods with the indirect liquid cooling system of three types of cooling tubular plates between cells with interior fluid, which exhibited in Figure . They concluded that the structural layout of multiple parallel‐channels cold plate resulted in a lower coolant pressure and temperature gradient.…”

“…The liquid cooling system of three types cooling tubular plates [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”