Design of Eutectic Solvents with Specified Extraction Properties Based on Intermolecular Interaction Energy

Kozhevnikova, Arina V.; Uvarova, Ekaterina S.; Maltseva, Varvara E.; Ananyev, Ivan V.; Milevskii, Nikita A.; Fedulov, Igor S.; Zakhodyaeva, Yulia A.; Voshkin, Andrey A.

doi:10.3390/molecules29215022

Molecules

2024

DOI: 10.3390/molecules29215022

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Design of Eutectic Solvents with Specified Extraction Properties Based on Intermolecular Interaction Energy

Arina V. Kozhevnikova,

Ekaterina S. Uvarova,

Varvara E. Maltseva

et al.

Abstract: A new approach to managing the extraction properties of eutectic solvents based on aliphatic alcohols is proposed. Aliphatic alcohols, when functioning as hydrogen bond donors within a eutectic solvent, significantly enhance the solvent’s efficiency in extracting metal ions. Conversely, when the alcohol acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor, its extraction properties diminish. Molecular modelling reveals that the extraction efficiency of these alcohols is directly proportional to the intermolecular interaction ener… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

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Deep Eutectic Solvent (TOPO/D2EHPA/Menthol) for Extracting Metals from Synthetic Hydrochloric Acid Leachates of NMC-LTO Batteries

Kozhevnikova,

Milevskii,

Lobovich

et al. 2024

Metals

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The recycling of lithium-ion batteries is increasingly important for both resource recovery and environmental protection. However, the complex composition of cathode and anode materials in these batteries makes the efficient separation of metal mixtures challenging. Hydrometallurgical methods, particularly liquid extraction, provide an effective means of separating metal ions, though they require periodic updates to their extraction systems. This study introduces a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent composed of trioctylphosphine oxide, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, and menthol, which is effective for separating Ti(IV), Co(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Li+ ions from hydrochloric acid leachates of NMC (LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2) batteries with LTO (Li4Ti5O12) anodes. By optimising the molar composition of the trioctylphosphine oxide/di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid/menthol mixture to a 4:1:5 ratio, high extraction efficiency was achieved. The solvent demonstrated stability over 10 cycles, and conditions for its regeneration were successfully established. At room temperature, the DES exhibited a density of 0.89 g/mL and a viscosity of 56 mPa·s, which are suitable for laboratory-scale extraction processes. Experimental results from a laboratory setup with mixer-settlers confirmed the efficiency of separating Ti(IV) and Co(II) ions in the context of their extraction kinetics.

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Deep Eutectic Solvent (TOPO/D2EHPA/Menthol) for Extracting Metals from Synthetic Hydrochloric Acid Leachates of NMC-LTO Batteries

Kozhevnikova,

Milevskii,

Lobovich

et al. 2024

Metals

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show abstract

Kinetics and Reusability of Hydrophobic Eutectic Solvents in Continuous Extraction Processes in a Pilot Setting

Kozhevnikova,

Lobovich,

Milevskii

et al. 2024

Processes

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Hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HES) show significant promise as extractants for metal ions. At their current stage of development, however, they have many disadvantages, such as high costs, limited data on reusability and, often, lower extraction efficiency when compared with traditional extraction systems. This study investigates the physico-chemical properties of five HES formulations based on 1-octanol in combination with camphor, 2′-hydroxypropiophenone, menthol, 1-octanoic acid, and thymol. The 1-octanol/camphor HES exhibited substantially higher extraction efficiency for Fe(III) ions than a solution of 1-octanol in toluene at the same concentration. Furthermore, it showed stability when used in a mixer-settler type extractor. The 1-octanol/camphor HES achieved a rapid extraction and re-extraction rate, with phase contact time reduced to just 2 min, without loss of extraction efficiency. Using the supported liquid membrane method, the proposed Oct/Cam HES enabled a threefold concentration of iron ions in the raffinate phase under continuous operation, confirming its potential for reusability.

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Design of Eutectic Solvents with Specified Extraction Properties Based on Intermolecular Interaction Energy

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Deep Eutectic Solvent (TOPO/D2EHPA/Menthol) for Extracting Metals from Synthetic Hydrochloric Acid Leachates of NMC-LTO Batteries

Deep Eutectic Solvent (TOPO/D2EHPA/Menthol) for Extracting Metals from Synthetic Hydrochloric Acid Leachates of NMC-LTO Batteries

Kinetics and Reusability of Hydrophobic Eutectic Solvents in Continuous Extraction Processes in a Pilot Setting

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